Velocity of Sound

Experiment 10
VELOCITY OF SOUND IN AIR vibrancy TUBE
Reference: Physics Laboratory Experiments J. D. Wilson, DC Heath and Co.
Objective
To total the velocity of sound in air at elbow room temperature
Theory
Mechanical systems generally stir one or more(prenominal) innate(p) vibrating frequencies. When a system is driven
at a natural absolute frequency, there is a maximum energy transfer and the shudder amplitude increases to a
maximum. In these conditions we say that the system is in resonance with the driving source and refer to
the particular frequency at which this occurs as a resonance frequency. From the relationship between the
frequency f, the wavelength ?, and the wave travel rapidly v, which is v = ?f, if the frequency and wavelength are
known, the wave speed can be determined. Or, if the wavelength and speed are known, the frequency can
be determined

Figure 10-1 A thermionic vacuum tube of length L closed in(p) at its bottom end and opened at its hurrying end showing the fundamental or first
harmonic standing(a) sound wave

Air columns in pipes or vacuum tubes of fixed lengths vex particular resonant frequencies. The interference of
the waves traveling down the tube and the reflected waves traveling up the tube produces longitudinal
standing waves, which must have a node at the closed end of the tube and an anti-node at the open end of
the tube.



The resonance frequencies of a pipe or tube depend on its length L. As shown in Figure 10-1, and
10-2 a certain number of wavelengths or tats that can be fitted into the tube length with the nodeanti-node requirements. Since each loop corresponds to one half-wave length, resonance occurs when the
length of the tube is nearly capable to an odd 2 number of quarter wavelengths i.e. L = ?/4, 3?/4, 5?/4, etc, or
in general,
L = n ?/4, n = 1, 3, 5, etc

1

Nicholas J. Pinto and Claudio Guerra-Vela. department of Physics and Electronics. University of Puerto Rico at
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