Accounting Practice †Pa1 Essay

Question 1a. 2b. 2c. 1d. 2e. 1f. 2g. 3h. 3i. 1j. 2k. 1l. 3m. 2n. 2o. 3p. 4q. 3r. 1s. 1t. 2u. 3v. 4w. 4x. 1y. 2See more than The st get along withs of consumer buying de consequence process essayQuestion 2a. capability valuate recognizes link up to the givement Erin received in August1) For Erin Based on the selective entropy provided, Erins employment with cardinal was terminusinated in July 2009 and Erin was informed on July 31, 2009. Thusthe be toleratement Erin received in August is bringed as cover in lieu of termination nonice. Therefore, it is ratable income and should be reported as employment income in her taxation re twirl. solely it seems that the center of $9500 she received is exonerate of tax amount (her total before tax salary for deuce moths is $12,000). She should affair three hundred to get a T4 slip so that she anyow non be double taxed on $9500.2) For ccc Since the payment is think to to pay in lieu of termination notice, the correct way that cardinal should drop up through with(p) was to deduct income tax, CPP, EI and provided a T4 to Erin. And 300 should pay EHT on that payment too. tho Worldwide actually paid the termination pay, CCC failed the line of attribute of withholding the income tax, CPP and EI and paying EHT for that payment. No deductible expenses should be supercharged on CCCs book.3) For Worldwide It seems that Worldwide withheld $2500 from Erins termination pay (total before tax salary $12000-net paid amount $9500), which capacity be charged beneath income tax payable and bran- upstart(prenominal)s deductions per regular army tax act. From Worldwides perspective, the payment is deductible expenses. scarce in accompaniment, since Erin is the employee of CCC, the pay ragtime should be paid through CCC instead of Worldwide. In other word, income tax should be paid to Canada instead of USA.Erin mentioned that the payment was meant to be non taxable since it was somehow related to RRS P, which loafer not be applied to pay in lieu of termination notice. If the severance pay or unassuming allowance were paid to Erin, the portion of payments may be impartred to an RRSP under trusted conditions and the amount exilered to RRSP is tax free. But in this racing shell, Erin has done maximum function on her RRSP. Beside, if Erin urinateed for CCC more than 5 years and CCCs payroll is at least 2.5 million, or severed the employment of 50 or more employees in six months period, CCC is in like manner trustworthy to pay severance pay to Erin, which is taxable and should be added to salary income. But CCC does not bewilder to pay EHT for severance payment.b. memoranda see xxxx, 2010To EHS analyze managerFrom Ryan O Leary, EHS Kitchener officeSubject New nationals for audited account intent at CCC just xxx,Contacted by a helper from our Vancouver office, I am surprisingly aw be of that several CCCs employees have been terminated and termination payments have been paid from CCCs pargonnt company, Worldwide Connections Inc, which is a US company. The employees have been told that their termination was referable to coin electric up-to-the-minute problems of CCC. Based on the above study and the fact that we didnt notice any grotesque things during our brushup of 209 T4s for CCC, I would like to draw your attention to how the learning received superpower affect the audit plan and other concerns related to ethical issues.a) beginning of all, the dominance risk should be appreciate highschooler based on the following facts CCC should be the one who pays the termination fee and issue T4s to terminated employees solely they failed to do so. Instead, their USA p arnt company paid. It world power because the counseling has no knowledge of this, which they supposed to have or because they mean to do so. Therefore, the integrity of the solicitude seems to be a problem. Cash bunk problems several employees have been terminated due(p) t o interchange in go problems and their USA p bent company helped CCC to pay thetermination payment. It seems that it is the truth that CCC does have problems of specie flow. Beside these factors, examining the following pecuniary symmetrys would help us to name the gold flow concernsi. Quick proportionality (current assets-inventory)/current liabilities it gives a more rigorous assessment of CCCs ability to pay its current liabilities. If a quick ratio is greater than 1.0, then CCC has able property to meet their short-term liabilities. But low or slighten quick ratio would be a good sign of cash flow concern. ii. OCF ratio cash flow from operation / current liabilities, this ratio would visor how well current liabilities ar covered by the cash flow generated from CCCs operations. If the ratio is slight than 1, it is an indication of cash flow concern and the smaller the ratio is, the bigger the concern.iii. Short-term debt insurance coverage ratio operational cash flow/ short-term debt, this ratio would mea incontestable how well the short-term debts are covered by the operational cash flow.iv. The capital exp turn backiture coverage ratio operational cash flow/capital expenditure, this ratio compares a companys protrudelays for its property, plant and equipment to operating cash flow. A imperative difference between operating cash flow and capital expenditures pay offs free cash flow. Therefore, the smaller this ratio is, the less cash assets CCC has to work with.v. OCF/Sales ratio this ratio, which is expressed as a percentage, compares a companys operating cash flow to its net gross revenue or revenues, which tells CCCs ability to turn gross revenue into cash. The greater the amount of operating cash flow, the make go against. There is no standard guideline for the operating cash flow/sales ratio, yet obviously, the ability to generate consistent and/or improving percentage comparisons are positive qualities. It would be a concern to see CCCs sales grow without a parallel growth in operating cash flow. Positive and negative changes in CCCs damage of sale and/or the forgatherion experience of its accounts due get out taper up in this indicator.b) The audit risk contains to be planned to a lower level based on the higher control risk. Therefore, the detection risk has to be lower to reach the acceptable level of audit risk, which means more samples and substantive procedures consider to be performed oddly on payroll cycle and respites and transactions related to cash flow.c) Potential ethical issues that might affect our audit plan Integrity of CCCs counselling like I mentioned previously, it is reasonable doubt for CCCs managements integrity due to the fact that they failed to collect income tax and other deductions for the employees worked in Canada and had their USA parent company paid. The management both intended to do so to try to hide the cash flow problem or lack the knowledge of knowing thei r responsibility of collecting income tax and pay EHT when they make termination payment. Besides, when the time we did review of T4s, we were not told by the management the termination and payment from USA Company. Therefore, I would like to recommend to interview with the management first to understand what their plan was and interact with the higher level of management if demand. If no correction disregard be agreed upon or no cooperation from the company, then involve CRA and audit committee. Due care /competence of our audit team based on the fact that several employees have been terminated and nothing has been found unusual during our T4s review, it seems that due professional care and competence of our audit team is to a fault questionable. I would like to recommend that not exclusively use more experienced auditors, notwithstanding also remind the team that perform the employment with due dare to avoid un requisite undetected mis monetary statements.I run across forw ard to dispute the details with youSincerely,RyanQuestion 3a. A Memo to Albert DesrosiersMemorandaDate Feb 18, 2007To Albert Desrosiers, study Manager, Morrison and AssociatesFrom Wei Liu, CGA, Audit Manager, Morrison and AssociatesSubject Assessment for monetary position and audit at prime(a) Restaurant Suppliers Ltd ( flowering)Dear Albert,Upon your request, I have analyzed Primes fiscal ratios and the balance airplane and reviewed the audit work done by capital of Minnesota. I would like to discuss the following issues with youi. After analyzed and valued Primes monetary ratios and the balance sheet, the following are the problem areas that could impact the nature of the audit work required consequently need our special attention Inventory it has change magnitude substantially over the past two years, 27% in 206 and 35% in 205. And inventory turnover has dropped 0.6 from 3 in 205 to 2.4 in 206. It is an indication of either excessive inventories or unproductive buying or misstatements of valuation in inventory. Substantive procedures would be required to make accepted the assertions of origination, valuation, ownership are fairly presented. Performing test counts of inventory should be done more cautiously. Accounts receivable It change magnitude 8.7% in 206 and 43% in 205. And receivables turnover has dropped 0.4 in 206 and dropped 0.6comparing to constancy average. Meanwhile, the average order of battle period has increase 16.8 days, which increased 21%. However, sales provided increased 1.3% in 206. All of these indicated that the accruement of accounts receivable is questionable and Primes credit policies might not be efficient or the allowance for bad debt is not decent. Therefore, more positive confirmation of accounts receivable might be necessary to en trusted the existence and valuation review allowance for doubtful accounts to make sure whether it is adequate review aged AR report review credit and collection policies perform cut-o ff procedures and so on. Sales Even though sales have increased in 206 by 1.3% and 16% in 205, unless net income dropped significantly by 47% in 206 and 0.3% in 205. And gross margin has dropped 4.5% in 206 and 8.9% lower than manufacture average. Net margin has dropped by 2% in 206. When interest expenses are lower than formers years due to lower bank loans and mortgage and term loans and other operating expenses has no signs of increase, the reason for higher sales but much lower net income (before tax) are foc employ to tolls of goods sold. Again, we need to take extreme cautions to make sure that existences, valuation, ownership of inventory are fairly presented. On the other hand, more procedures need to be done to make sure the revenue recognition is reasonable. Cash flow/accounts payable-inventory it has no balance recorded on the balance sheet for cash. Even though Primes current ratio is 1.19, but quick ratio is only 0.65. Even worse is that accounts receivable is not d ependable due to potential collection problem or overstatement. Accounts payable-inventory has increased 37% in 206, plus other current liabilities, Prime is facing a serious cash flow problem. The significant increase in Accounts payable-inventory pointed out again the problem of inventory, either excessive inventory has been obtained or ineffective buying has been happening. Substantive procedures should be performed cautiously on accounts payable-inventory to make sure its valuation, existence. Positive bank confirmation should be obtained. Income tax payable/ hereafter income tax liabilities income taxpayable has decreased 81% in 206 but future income tax liabilities increased 4.7%. In total, it decreased 40% while net income decreased 47%. Examining the computation is necessary to make sure fair presentation of these two figures.ii. With respect to Pauls recommendation regarding the audit report, I have the following polar opinions I dont agree that Paul certified sequent e vidence accumulation to Primes accounts receivable and inventory. From part I analysis of financial ratio and the balance sheet, we know that Prime has a high control risk in accounts receivable and inventory, thitherfore, we can not restrict subsequent evidence accumulation. Controversially, sufficient evidences need to be collected to allow the audit risk lower to an acceptable level. Paul think from what he could observe that internecine control were present and appeared to be operating as intended. This is not correct. First of all, internal control has to be well-tried whether we rely on it or not. Secondly, Prime only did review work for prior years and never be audited. And an audited financial statement is ask for Primes loan approval process thus the management has the motive to manipulate the statements to get the loan. Plus concerns showed from their financial ratios and balance sheet, including high increased inventory, AR, AP, cash flow problems, all of these fact s indicates that we are facing a client with high control risk and inherent risk. Internal controls have to be tested. Paul concluded that changing of LIFO accounting from first in first out has no big impact on income statement and balance sheet due to consistent inventory apostrophize over the year. That is wrong. The inventory was increased significantly over two years, which means the cost of inventory in 205 could be very different comparing to 206. to a greater extent importantly, if LIFO is allowed used in 206, a retroactive procedure need to be done for previous years financial statements. Paul instructed the other assistant to ensure that goods shipped in the pull through few days of the year were recorded in sales. The shipped goods to customers is not the only criteria that we can recognize the sales. We need to make sure other criteria also presented, much(prenominal) as the amount can be measured and collection is reasonable assured or an allowance of bad and doubtf ul accounts is in good order set up. 10 confirmations for AR have been sent out. I am not quite sure what this number are based on. But if it is just a random number, no sample size and corporeality was put into consideration, it is not appropriate number. Paul believed that testing was sufficient for him to issue unqualified audit opinion. Based on all above mentioned disagreement, this determination is certainly too early to make. More substantive procedures need to be done. Evidences collected so far is not enough to make conclusion.iii. another(prenominal) issues Without per electric charge from Mrs.Ruenstein, who is the owner of GoodFood Manufacturing, Paul showed Marvin a copy of GoodFoods financial statements and advised him about Mrs.Ruensteins plan to retire. This is violation of confidentiality policy. I think we should advise Paul and inform GoodFood as soon as contingent and explains the situation. Even though it might benefit the both parties, we still need to prepa re for GoodFoods complain/lawsuit.I look forward to turn around from you and discuss more in details.Sincerely,Wei Liub. Prime should consider the acquisition of GoodFood in general based on the following facts They are in the alike(p) industry but focus ondifferent customers. By acquiring GoodFood, Prime can expand its business into larger restaurant market. Primes strong sales team has been successful in generating leads to attract new customers. Therefore, it meets Mrs.Ruensteins desire to invest additional effort to build up sales levels. GoodFood has plenty of excess capacity that can compensate Primes shortage of cash flow and other capacity.The concerns about financing the purchase Prime might have difficulty to obtain a long term loan to finance its purchase based on its current financial position. Even though Prime has increased sales in 205 and 206, but net income has dropped 47% in 206. It has large and increased current liabilities but has no rock-steady cash flow t o depend on. Inventory is excessive, and ARs average collection period is dropped. Return on total comeliness has dropped to 6.7% from 13.6% due to big drops in net income. All financial tuition is negative and can not support its financing request. However, if Prime can conquer the storage constraints and change back to FIFO accounting, it might be a big difference. Its cost of goods sold would dropped and net income would be increasedQuestion 4A Letter to Board of DirectorsWei Liu, CGAXxx Audit and consulting FirmBoard of Directors,Townsville Re humankind Centre (TRC)Date December xxx, 2009Dear Board members,It is my great pleasure to be in the position of providing my opinions regarding the creation of TRC and upcoming transfer of the amateurfacilities from the municipality to TRC. The following you will find the discussions related to that and other issues requested by you, including the proposal for the genial media site. Creation of TRC and transfer of the recreational faci lities from the municipalityo As what we all understand, the purpose of creating another self-sufficing legal entity, TRC, is to getting better information for decision making to shot a wider range of lessons and activities on a cost-effective basis. It is agreed that Townsville would transfer not only all existing properties of the recreational centre operations and any related debt, but also all employees of the recreational centre. Therefore, from the financial perspective, TRC will record all transferred properties at fair value, record all related debt for remaining balance per banks confirmation, including unpaid accumulated interests. A deferred capital character would be used to reflect the backup from Townsville.As for all employees being assured that they would still be desirable for tributes as well as health and insurance coverage, the board need to make sure the details of the pension plans need to be discussed and inclined(p) to accommodate old employees and n ew employees and make sure the pension policies and procedures as well as health and insurance coverage policies and procedures are in place. It is better off for TRC to consider only offering the defined contribution pension plans to employees instead of defined benefit plans since the first one is less cost and less burden on TRC. The cost to cover the pension plans and coverage should also be planned and budgeted. Accounting policies, format of the financial statements, and information necessary for decision making o After transfer, TRC would be an independent non-for-profit legal entity. Therefore, all accounting policies need to be respectfulness with GAAP-general accepted accounting principles from CICA Handbook. PSA (Public sector accounting) Handbook will not be appropriate any more. TRC should determine and disclose which method is used for revenue recognition, either deferred method or the certified depot method. The restricted fund method would be more suitable inTRCs situation since TRC receives subsidies for low-income individuals as restricted funding. Separate reporting on this restricted funding would be benefit for users, including Townsville to better understand the statements. And other significant accounting policies, much(prenominal) as accounting for capital assets and donated materials and services, use of estimates etc should be determined and disclosed.o As for the format of financial statements, according to the GAAP, usually it include Statement of financial position statement of operations statement of changes in net assets statement of cash flows.o Information necessary for decision making the board should obtain information not only from financial perspective, such as summary on TRCs financial position, implication of current economic, governments budget plan but also non financial writ of execution reports, such as whether TRC would be actually offering more lessons and activities on a cost effective basis. Requirements of the information technology systemo Although it is costly to invest a new information system, but without it, it is much harder to produce useful and more reliable information to assist management operations effectively and efficiently. The new information system should not only record basic accounting information, but also produce information, like costs and revenues preparation between budgeted amount and actual amount required funding reports data for performance mensuration etc. Also the board should ensure that policies and procedures for data integrity and security measure, IT supports, procreation for skilled personnel are all in place. Implications of the change in employmento As part of transferring agreement, all current employees of the recreational centre will become employees of the TRC and they will be still qualified for pensions and health and insurance coverage. Therefore, all income tax, CPP and EI have been contributed will be considered as contributed under TR C. For those employees who are nearly retiring, they canchose move their pension plan to TRC or leave it. And they can start to withdraw once their age reached to the defined age in the pension plan. Independent contractors and employeeso From the taxs point of view, making a distinction between independent contractors and employees is very important since for independent contractors, they are responsible for reporting business income for their tax return. TRC has no responsibility to withhold income tax, CPP and EI for them and do not have to provide same benefits to contractors as employees have. TRC also do not pay EHT for amount paid to independent contractors but need to pay EHT for net paid to employees. o The factors to consider for distinctions between independent contractors and employees Controls Generally, in an employer-employee relationship, the employer controls, forthwith or indirectly, the way the work is to be done and the work methods used. But the contractors co ntrols if he/she has the right to hire or fire, and decide where, when and how the work will be done. Ownership of tools if it is employer-employee relationship, the employer generally supplies the equipment and tools required by the employee also employer covers the cost of repairs, insurance etc for using of tools. Chance of profit/risk of loss the employees are entitled to his or her full salary or wages irrespective of the financial health of the business, the employer alone assumes the risk of loss. But for contractors, all risks are his/hers. Integration or organization test the tasks performed by employees form an organic part of the business but tasks performed by the independent contractor yet being accessory to the business. Revenues TRCs revenues include subsidies provided by the Townsville, rank fees, modification fees and rental fees. To maximum the revenues, I would like to recommendo Subsidies from the Townsville to be eligible to get the funding, TRC will have t o provide complete listings of names, income levels, and subsidies provided. This information has previously been tracked throughTownsvilles accounting system. Therefore, TRC could use the same system and maintain the same reporting to ensure maximum subsidies funding.o For memberships are provided free of charge to families below a specific income level, the membership fees are actually covered by subsidies funding, revenue should be recognized even through the funding not yet received and fund receivable from Townsville could be set up.o Registration fees under the municipalitys management, often the lesson was run at a loss due to under enrollment or a higher than anticipated number of support registrants. Therefore, the board should enforce the management in TRC to implement a better budget system to budget the registration fees and number of enrolment. The board and the management should work on strategies of getting more mountain to sign the lessons and activities. Meanwhil e, TRC should consider setting up a policy that maintains the right of cancellation of lessons/activities in the case of enrollment not covering the cost.o Rental fees rental of the facilities is plan only around the times that the facilities are open to members and the general public, thus the rental income is limited due to time restraints. The board should consider a plan to expand available time for rental and fully use the facilities to maximum the rental income. Performance measureso I understood that TRC would evaluate employees performance partly based on measures that are reflective of the mission statement objectives. Therefore, the board should be provided with performance reports that can help you to define the mission statement objectives have been met. The list below should be considered for performance measures The number of lessons/activities offered The type of lessons/activities offered The number of attendants for each type of lessons/activities newly substanti al lessons/activities offered Attendants for new lessons/activities Number of individuals received subsidies Type of lessons/activities offered to low-income families Cost and revenue for each type of lessons/activities. Internal controls for Casho It seems that the internal controls for cash were not quite adequate due to the fact of theft of cash. To ensure this not continually happening in TRC, the board should make sure better internal control polices and procedures for cash management are in place, such as segregation of duties for collecting and recording and bank reconciliations more shit cash deposit proper authorizations, etc the board should also make sure the execution of instrument of the controls will be happening. Auditor for TRCo According to Canadian auditing standard, we can not accept audit engagement if we provide non-assurance services, such as accounting and bookkeeping services valuation services internal audit service financial information systems design or implementation services. Based on the fact that we are now providing the consulting services not relating to those, we will be able to provide audit service to you. As for the fees schedule, we need to follow a standard fee schedule. Proposal of the social media siteo The social media site provides many benefits for TRC to expand. While expression up the site is necessary, many things need to be taken into consideration, peculiarly when it is related to confidentiality and safety of information. It is not appropriate to publish the lists of all people being subsidized because it might violate the confidentiality policy also to be able to keep the information collected safe, including clients credit card number, the site has to be maintained under certain security to ensure data security. Besides, the board need to make sure whether there are skilled or enough personnel to maintain the site. More importantly, the board need to evaluate the overall costs to make sure that TRC does have the capacity to run this media site in a cost effective manner.If you need more clarification, please feel free to contact me. I would be happy to discuss more details with you.Sincerely,The end of assignment 8