Death penalty Essay

Introduction Over several years, the devastation penalization has existed among ming direct countries, and apply to eliminate killers who are considered extremely dangerous in the society. According to various sources, the fear associated with the death penalization discourages individuals with the propensity of conducting such(prenominal) inhumane crimes. use of the death penalty, however, comes with mixed reactions from the society since most sight support it magic spell others are against it collectible to various reasons.Therefore, this essay seeks to justify the rightfulness of the death penalty since it is associated with a significant level of reducing in venomous murders. Arguments against Death Penalty In a number of cases, the death penalty has resulted in various disputes for example, where complimentary individuals earn been convicted despite the event that they were not involved in such crimes. Unfortunately, some of these victims were executed, or put on the death row just before the truth was established, and their innocence turn out (Harris, 2012).From 1973, 11 Texans and 128 others across the United States have been set free and change from the death penalty as a result of proof of their unlawful doctrine (All Voices, 2012). Gener all toldy, the death penalty is considered as the harshest sentence for all cognise felony. More so, it is the only punishment that will remain irreversible aft(prenominal) the sentence has been made. When an inmate is found not guilty of committing the crime that led to his imprisonment, they can always be set free and have their label cleared.However, where the convict had already been put to death, the punishment can never be reversed In no circumstance will saying sorry, we had the price person help the family of the victim, but will only increase their pain. some(prenominal) spate are usually against the idea of the death penalty referable to the possibility of executing innocent peopl e. Such people would never require to imagine the risk of executing innocent people in fact for nearly ten years now innocence has resulted in the first appearance of a strong argument in death penalty dialogue. In this fight, abolitionists have played an important role especially wherethey have successfully pointed out the innocence in some convicts with the aid of post conviction DNA tests (Aronson & Simon, 2009). Arguments in Favor of Death Penalty On the other hand, the death penalty is considered as an eye for an eye and that all convicted killers should be executed in order to attain evenness. The most terrific felony warrants no less than the most horrible sentence, which should mean an eye for an eye. As such, the victims family should feel that the offender was effrontery the most enthusiastic judgment other than just being locked up in a prison and keep enjoying their liveness.In m all unfortunate cases, the murderers have been presumption a life sentence witho ut a possibility of parole, and they have managed to rifle for longer periods than their actual victims actually lived on earth. To make the situation worse, such inmates live a comfortable life in prison, getting trine meals per day and an afternoon to practice, while the victims family lives a life of anguish. Denis Rader (BTK), born and raised in Wichita, Kansas, was an excellent example of a truly notorious serial killer that used to bind, torturing and kill his victims without any mercy (Harris, 2012).In one of his dreadful attacks, he killed an 11-year old girlfriend called Josephine Otero by hanging her from a drain pipe (Harris, 2012). Unfortunately, the murderer was given a 175 years sentence despite the fact that he killed an entire family, as well as other innocent people (Harris, 2012). Actually, it is not justified for a murderer to live while innocent people suffer death Rader did not have the right to torture and kill his victims, so it is not justified that he w as granted a right to his life.In several cases, some of the most dangerous killers have only spent their life in prison. As such, is there anything, or a particular sentence that could assist in reducing the effectiveness of murders within the society? Several studies have indicated that the fear of death discourages people from committing various targeted crimes. Capital punishment would serve as an excellent upshot since it would assist in lowering murder crimes hence, it would serve as a perfect crime preventive solution. As such, mostcriminals would think doubly before killing their victims since they would realize the fact that their lives were at stake for any murder act. I would say that the use of the death penalty could sure as shooting lower the incidences of violent murders since this would play a crucial part in the elimination of cruel repeat offenders. In connection, statistics show that there are approximately 20,000 murders every single year within the United St ates, which drastically increased from 10,000 deaths per year after the death penalty was dropped in some states (Boys, 2012).The elimination of the death penalty, 1965 therefore, led to increase in the number of murders by about 10,000 people per year (Boys, 2012). With these statistics, it is evident that murderers commit more murders due to the knowledge that the worst they could get for murder is life imprisonment. This means that manner of speaking back the death penalty would help in the reduction of heavy-handed murders by repeat offenders. However, the death penalty should be implemented where the try for murder can be proved beyond any fair doubt so as to avoid executing innocent victims. certaintyIt is evident that the arguments in favor of implementing the death penalty far ofttimes outweigh those against its implementation. I would then mention the fact that the death penalty will assist in lowering cases of malicious murders within the society, as well as serve as the best sentence when compared the distress of the victims family. Hence, I conclude this essay by reenforcement the fact that implementation of the death penalty is justified because it assists in the reduction of malicious murders at the same time, remains the best punishment for convicted murderers.

A Sorrowful Woman

Gail Godwin beckons a char to know herself as a woman and not as mere in a relation to some other in her much thought provoking story, A lamentable fair sex.Michael Meyer said that, Goodwin selects several key events that e place over a period of year to show us the slow decline of the muliebrity in her role as wife and beget.(geocities.com, online).Marriage calls upon woman to obey and respond as a traditional good wife and fetch yet at the cost of her individuality, which made our protagonist to take life on a very pessimist note. We find woman in a Sorrowful Woman as totally tired of her relationship as a mother, a wife and of her life. Godwin says, The sight of them made her so sad and sickish she did not want to ever see them again (Gail, 35).This story was ab initio titles Sorrowful Mother, as whose obsession of motherhood was putting movement on her individuality. But it is not a story of only mother but the question of independent identity and individuality of al l women. This predicament brought them onto the verge of depression and ultimately their downfall. Therefore it is not the Sorrowful mother but A Sorrowful Woman.WORKS CITED Godwin, Gail. A Sorrowful Woman in Dream Children. Ballantine Books, 1996. Micheal Meyer, A Plot, Sorrowful Woman, Online, 22th May 2008 Available at http//www.geocities.com/davidjohntoth/102/plot.html 

Birth Order

This newsprint ought to review and study the possible connection between sister set up and personality, with respect to the theory as proposed by Alfred Adler. The paper would take a look at what the theory is all about and whether there atomic number 18 enough evidence that could keep going Adlers claim.Alfred Adler has been one of the pioneers of psycho synopsis, although he ventured external from some of Sigmund Freuds theories. It was due to their difference in ideas and contextual analysis that the separation from the Psychoanalytic school happened. Adler created his own school of psychology which he called Individual Psychology. In this group, the concern focused on the alleged(prenominal) lower status complex that globe possess (Ansbacher, 1964).With respect to Adlers theory, humans atomic number 18 originally weak and helpless. Humans ar innate(p) without knowledge and must always be guided by those who are premium or by someone who is older (Ansbacher, 1964).Bec ause of this, children strive to learn hike and try in every way to exceed or at least achieve the same level as those community whom they encompass to be superior to them. This is what Adler speculated as the unfavorable position complex, the driving soak up that fuels a humans emotions, actions and reasons (Mosak, 1999).According to Adler those people who strive to become the outmatch or those who try in every way to succeed are people who catch very high lower status complex, while those who are easy-going are to a greater extent likely less be activeed by the inferiority complex (Mosak, 1999).However, a very strong inferiority complex susceptibility to a fault have a negative effect on a particular person, most specifically when the person has failed in most of his/her endeavors. These have it offs king leave the person feeling wrecked, hopeless and unmotivated to strive towards forthcoming goals because of the overwhelming failure that the person has encountered.Ad ler supported Freuds hypothesis concerning the do of parenting dahs on the life of the person. Adler hypothesized that there are two parenting styles, pampering and neglect, which affect the life of big(p) person.Pampering would be the process in which the parent gives alike much attention to the child and protects the child, so that the child is presented with an ideal world. This does non help the child develop into a full social individual. overdue to this kind of treatment, the child might develop a severe inferiority complex and might be shocked when faced with the realities of life on their own. (Drescher & Stone, 2004)The child might non be able to run well on his/her own because he/she was used to the experience of having his/her parents on his/her side whenever problems arose. Also the child would be doubtful not barely of his/her abilities but withal of the decisions that he/she makes.With regards to the neglectful parenting style, the child is said to be expo sed to all the extremes and problems that the world can offer. Since the child was left alone, he/she might be force to struggle on his/her own which leads to his/her misgiving to the people around him/her. Because of this, the child reared under a neglectful parenting style finds it very hard to create or build relationships with different people especially with his/her peers. (MacDonald, 1971)Therefore, Alfred Adler believed that parents shall make sure that the child was protected from the evils of the world at the same time the parents are obligated to present to the child the rocky realities of life. (Stein, 2007) Simply put, the child must be protected but that does not mean that the parent would deny them the knowledge and opportunity of knowing how to bat problems independently.Aside from parenting, another aspect that greatly affects a childs exertion in his lifetime according to Adler is his/her birth order. Indeed, this assumption has since garnered criticism and sup port from psychologists and social scientists.According to this theory, the birth order of the child determines how he views himself as a person with respect to how the child is treated in his family. It is also the factor which is responsible for the behavior and personality of the person in his adult life. (Stein, 2007)The FirstbornAccording to Adlers theory, the first of the family is treated with outmost rush and spoiled before the other siblings arrived. The situation for this child starts out with stirred parents and the child usually has everything he/she needs. When the younger sibling is conceived there is a sudden shift of attention of the parents. The new baby now receives more attention that the firstborn child. Thus the firstborn, in Adlers theory, tries his/her best to chance this attention. The child desperately seeks the return of his/her parents full love and interest. (Stein, 2007)Most firstborns feel dethroned by their younger siblings because they now have t o share everything with the next child thus, a firstborn learns to share. Also, the firstborn are given more responsibility than the other children, since they are the eldest this could cause them to develop an authoritarian persona. (Mosak, 1999)The parents expectations for the firstborn are usually very high they are pushed into the situation of being responsible and setting an example for their younger siblings. These experiences might led the first born child to develop the qualities of a good leader, although usually firstborn children have lower self confidence than other children. (Stein, 2007)The MiddlebornMiddle children do not encounter the same expectations and are not spoiled as the firstborn however, they still get a portion of the attention that the firstborn child enjoys. What makes being the middle child interesting is that they not only experience a drive to be superior to the first child, but also must compete for attention and status among the younger siblings. Th ese experiences could cause inferiority with reference to their older siblings but superiority with reference to their younger siblings. (Stein, 2007)

Admission-Application essay

I often call up that women atomic number 18 the catalyst for nations development given equal rights to education, justice, occupation, suffrage and opposite services. The silence and the vulnerability of women and children in developing countries like Zaire fetch stired my drive to fight for the rights of the unheard and the helpless.Since childhood, I acquire forever and a day pictured a world where tidy sum ar equal in rights and nobody is above the rest in terms of apportionment of staple fiber services, education, laws and job opportunities. I concord closely witnessed the unfair treatment to women and children who are often victims of gentleman rights violation. I mother often wondered why thither are much men in politics, schools and in the workplace.Silently, I have withal questioned why society has embraced a system where women should remain at home and are not treated as important members of the society. At a young age, I could not accept the discrimination i n my country. I understand that it is impossible for me to solve all the problems facing women and children scarce I know that something must be done.I have carefully canvass my options in finding ways to be the voice that will awaken women in their important roles in the family, community and country. One of the avenues that I have chosen was to work as a societal worker. To date, I am fulfilled in the profession that I have pursued. Nothing is more rewarding than to see the helpless rise from poverty, oppression and discrimination.In my years of service, I have worked in a variety of settings within a mannequin of relevant legislation and procedures to support individuals, families and groups within the community. These settings include schools, hospitals, public sectors and organizations.I have also worked closely with the wellness and loving care staff. When I was abstruse with the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), I have pushed for the integration of health and soci al work services for women and children in my country. Together with a multidisciplinary team, I have worked on the family code of Zaire to give equal maternal(p) rights to both spouses.This has replaced the previous concept of paternal authority. Both parents have the aforesaid(prenominal) duties to care for their children. Women are given the right to marriage and choice of spouses. They are also given the right to inherit. Both women and men acquired legal energy at the age of 18. They are both equally foreswear to inject into marriage with the consent of both future spouses. Women and children are not required to perform forced or compulsory labor, except as provided for by law.Although there are still so much that remain to be done to give wives equal rights similar to their husbands, the family code is a mensuration forward for Zairian women. As a social worker, I have also worked to ameliorate the living conditions of women by making them self sufficient.Through liveli hood teaching and seminars, women can now engage in a small line of business to alleviate them from poverty. I have also supervised 300 people and became the agriculture and rural development counselor of the governor of Zaire.Other than having an undergraduate pointedness and license in Social Work, I have also acquire a post Graduate degree in Nutrition in Belgium.Being of service to women and children in terms of poverty alleviation, educational provision and allocation of medical and health care services has always been my passion. Now that I am already a US citizen, I would like to fly the coop to the Department of Social Work so I can outride my work as a social worker in a larger scale.After witnessing domestic violence, child abuse, neglect, delinquency and other social problems in the community, I felt that something should be done. This has motivated me to become a social worker in the local and international community.I would like to advocate for social justice and be the voice for those who are deprived of their basic human rights. With my utmost dedication and perseverance, I would like to see more women and children approximately the world living in contented and productive lives that are free of abuse and discrimination.

Do the Right Thing: Independent Cinema Essay

Do the Right Thing (1989) is a drama-comedy movie theater crafted by writer-director producer star Spike Lee which delved into issues dealing with Brooklyn existence, racial discrimination and bigotry which exist in argonas found in metropolitan unfermented York. Tolerance is norm eithery maintained but feelings are always expectant to spill out the key point of Lees film. closely of the actions take place in Sals Pizzeria, a 25 year-old Italian-American proof in the African-American community (Do the Right Thing 1989).Sal has two sons, Pino and Vito who were all working with delivery person Mookie. In ace of the scenes, Mookie was talking to one of his African-American coadjutor in the pizzeria when the issue of sullenness was once more brought up. His friend asked Mookie who is his favorite basketball player, actor and musician. Mookie replied deceit Johnson, Eddie Murphy and Prince who plain are all African-Americans by descent (Do the Right Thing 1989). His friend had h umorously assumed that Mookie might have preferred to be black in a sense.Mookie responded that the three are not just blacks they are the higher blacks. His friend, who is an African American, was shocked with how Mookie regarded his favorite personalities they do not give out to the ordinary blacks to whom the issue of racialism is often addressed however, Mookies assortment of blacks can shut up be considered as being racist and still not a way to move out from the issue of racism (although Mookie had attempted to ease the degree of insult by bringing up the status of some blacks into a higher level).The stimulating theory of soprano consciousness explores the possibility of how black political culture may diverseness as it moved out of the early phases which attempted to escape from the arbitrariness of slavery towards the acquisition of meaningful citizenship in post-emancipated societies (Gilroy, Paul 1993). The categorization of Magic Johnson, Eddie Murphy and Prince as higher blacks is an evident response that the public (regardless of descent) is attempting to ensnare a higher regard of what have been considered by history as bearers of the lower status.

Literacy and Young People Essay

The opportunity to apply for a specialist responsibility in supporting literacy stimulatement has arisen in your educational environment. For your interview you have been asked to prep atomic number 18 information to show that you canLiteracy room the ability to enunciate and deliver. Only recently has the word literacy been applied as the definitive term for pictureing and writing, mostly since the introduction of the National Literacy system in schools. The skills of determineing and writing complement apiece other and develop unitedly, it therefore makes sense to use the term literacy. Reading and writing argon forms of communication based on the spoken language. Effective speaking and perceive skills are essential in order to develop literacy skills. The tabugrowth of literacy skills is a vital aspect of maturation and bringing. Without the ability to direct, write and listen children and unsalted muckle may not be equal to function effectively in school, c ollege, university or at work or communicate with others active their ideas and mapicipate wide of the marky and safely in the community.Literacy en satisfactorys children and girlish stack to tell themselves creatively and productively. The majority of jobs and careers rely on an element of basic literacy (and numeracy) skills. Literacy is necessitate in our everyday lives, to keep us safe by organism qualified to read signs and follow instructions, read directions, reading newspapers, recipes, food labels, relations with household finances. Literacy to a fault enables us to get on with technology by universe able use computers competently, surfing the internet and being able to read and write emails. As the heart of all learning lies the two samara skills, literacy and numeracy. Literacy is possibly the more important of both skills as children and young large number need literacy in order to access further curriculum areas, e.g in order to approach a numeracy problem, the question needs to be read and understood before the answer can begin to be found.The breeding of literacy is important from an archean age for all children and young people. As article of belief auxiliarys it is likely that we go out be supporting children and young people with communication difficulties or other Special Educational Needs which could have an violation on their literacy skills, a situation may excessively arise where side is not the first language. It is important that children and young people are advance to seek the way the slope language works, e.g phonics for vocabulary, reading, writing and spell out. This will enable children and young people to gain knowledge to be able to read, write and spell confidently.The learning objectives are associated to 12 strands in literacy to demonstrate progression in each strand. The strands are as follows- Speak and listen for a wide regularize of purposes in different contexts1. Speaking2. Listening and responding3. congregation discussion and interaction4. DramaRead and write for a range of purposes on paper and on screen 5. Word recognition decryption (reading) and encoding (spelling)6. Word Structure and spelling7. Understanding and interpreting texts8. engage and responding to texts9. Creating and shaping texts10. Text structure and organisation11. Sentence structure and punctuation mark12. PresentationWithin my setting we aim to encourage children and young people to be able read and write with confidence, fluency and actualizeing, to be able to orchestrate a full range of reading cues (phonic, graphic, syntactic, contextual) to monitor their read and be able to correct their feature mistakes. To look the sound and spelling system and use this to read and spell accurately, have fluent, legible and running hand handwriting. To have an interest in words and their intends and a growing vocabulary. To know, understand and be able to write a number of genres in parable and poetry, understand and be familiar with some of the ways in which narratives are structured through basic literacy ideas of setting, character and plot. The ability to understand, use and be able to write a range of non-fiction texts, plan, draft, revise and edit their own writing, have a checkable technical vocabulary through which to understand and discuss their reading and writing.Children are encouraged to be interested in books, read with enjoyment and evaluate and justify their preferences. Develop their own powers of imagination, cleverness and critical awareness through reading and writing. In the Foundation demonstrate (Nursery and Reception) Children and young people should be given the opportunity to speak, listen and match ideas in their activities. Use communication, language and English in every bureau of the curriculum and to become immersed in an environment rich in marker and possibilities for communication. All Key breaker point 1 (Years 1 and 2) Chil dren and young people should learn to speak confidently and listen to what others have to say. They should begin to read and write independently (using phonic knowledge) and with enthusiasm. They should be using language to explore their own experiences and imaginary words. All Key Stage 2 (Years 3-6) Children and young people should learn to change the way they speak and write to suit appropriate situations, purposes and audiences.They should read a range of texts and respond to different layers of meaning in them. They should explore the use of language in literary and non-literary texts and learn how the structure of language works. Intervention gatherings are offered in speaking, reading, writing and auditory sense to those children and young people who are under-attaining and booster groups for the more able. Where the pupils performance is significantly below average we will seek specialist provision such as speech therapy, EAL programmes and reading recovery will be acc essed as needed. In Key stages 1 and 2, English sessions use the National scheme unit plans (our own versions) focusing on shared reading, shared and command writing and producing sustained outcomes. Further lessons are also used for centre activities in phonics, channelize reading and comprehension. In Key Stage 1 there is a mundane phonics session, daily guided reading and English lesson. in that location is one decided handwriting session each week. In addition to this, there is also a slot used for the development of speaking and earshot and the class story. In lower Key Stage 2 there is also a daily phonics session, four guided reading sessions and a daily English lesson. There is one discrete handwriting session every fortnight. additively there is also a slot used for the development of speaking and listening and the class story. In upper Key Stage 2 there is a daily phonics/spelling session, four guided reading sessions and a daily English lesson. There is one dis crete handwriting session every fortnight. Additional there is a slot used for the development of speaking and listening and the class story. The monitoring and evaluation of the English policy is the responsibility of the English co-ordinator who is responsible to the head teacher and the governors for the development of English throughout the school.This is to be achieved in a variety of ways Regular discussions with cater concerning the progress of groups and individuals Involvement in long and medium term planning crossways the school in English Regular classroom observation and operative alongside colleagues to serve identify strengths and weaknesses, to provide support to individual staff where appropriate Regular monitoring of resources, planning and childrens work Reviewing of appraisal outcomes and data to evaluate the quality of learning in English throughout the school. Checking that within a key stage there is coverage of the full English curriculum in line with nati onal curriculum requirements, the early learning goals and current National primeval Framework objectives (where used) Checking that appropriate opportunities to gain ground multicultural and gender issues are created and taken Ensure that the time played out on the teaching of English is meeting our pupils needs Literacy Lessons are the equal time each day, after first light break time. They are impoverished down into phonics and spelling, guided reading and English. The lesson starts at 10.45 and finishes at 12.30pm. The children start by gathering on the carpet area to be given an overview of what is possibility in the days lesson.As a Teaching garter a discussion would have taken place with the Class teacher prior to the lesson taking place to establish the lesson plan and what is expected of you for the lesson. virtually Teaching Assistants may have been involved with elements of planning a lesson and able to give their own ideas as to how is the best way to carry o ut activities. It may be that you work with a designated group of children who have development issues and require more attention. It is important that the Teaching Assistant works together with the class teach to monitor the progress of pupils in all areas of literacy development. This will usually ensure that the children and young people are focused and able to meet the learning objectives. Some pupils will require more encouragement to participate than others through the use of praise and feedback, whilst identifying any concerns or problems they may have.Monitoring of the children and young people also involves the relaying of information to the Class teacher in respect of learning objectives and feedback as to how the tasks were managed and how to achieve their goals going forwards. We also carry out intervention activities in my setting where a group of children are taken out of the lesson by a Teaching Assistant to carry out some additional literacy activities to concen trate on tasks such as sounds of letter groups, reading sessions and basic spellings to help improve their literacy development. There are also groups of children who are taken out of lessons 3 multiplication a week to carry out additional reading activities to help improve their reading skills.In our classrooms, we also use a workings wall display to show the key learning objectives for the terms activities and the pupils are able to use this to assist with their learning independently. Within my setting we also have a reading partners lesson on a Thursday morning where twelvemonth groups visit other class rooms and read with each other, e.g Year 4 read with reception, Year 3 read with year 1 and year 2 with year 5. This gives children and young people to the aspect to gain confidence in reading and speaking in expect of other children who are of a different age and more developed.BibliographyTextbooksTextbooksBurnham,L, Baker,B (2010) take aim 3 Diploma Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools (Primary). Harlow. Heinemann part of PearsonBurnham,L(2002) Brilliant Teaching Assistant. Prentice HallKamen, T (2008) 2nd var. Teaching Assistants Handbook NVQ & SVQ Levels 2 &3. Maidstone. Hodder EducationPrimary School Literacy Curriculum Policy overview

A Defense Of Ethical Relativism Essay

estimable RelativismIntroduction            estimable relativism is the stance that in that respect atomic number 18 no moral codes, no moral vilifys or rectify. decent or wrong is based on companionable customs. respectable relativism implies that heaps morals argon dynamic, orbit to times and environment. Ethical relativism accommodates and enables the front man of many different destinations and radiation patterns. It offers mountain the freedom to adapt and bore their socialized ethics and cultures. This reckons that there is no static culture or ethics. Morals be lookent on the decree preferences, technology, logic, emotions, experience and rules among other factors. Morality is very vital since it holds the society together. The rationale of this paper is to explicate the effect of estimable relativism on the morality bond that brings the society together.          &nb sp In ethics, the nonion that nothing is objectively wrong or right and that the definition of right or wrong relies on the existing perception of culture, an singular or history. The existence of morality is not relative to individuality. Thus more or less of the relativists arguments atomic number 18 invalid. Ethical relativism is a knotty theory since there ar various differences within cultures. Peoples preferences whitethorn not for any time be estimablely fix choices. Thus what is cultur every last(predicate)y unobjectionable might not always be morally right. Ethical relativism by definition is a premise that maintains that there be no for the most part accepted honourable codes. Ethical relativism is usually affected the disagreement mingled with right and wrong due to social and personal ethical relativism as well as the intrinsic law premise (Lukes, 2008).            Personal ethical relativism holds that different throng direct diverse moral thoughts. Social ethical relativism holds that different societies throw distinct code of ethics. On the other hand, the natural law presumes that there is a general set of moral value that opposes ethical relativism, however it is faulty. Ruth benedict believes that morals are outlined by culture. benedict also proposes that normal is a variant of the invention of good. According to benedict, behavior allow cipher on what the general culture that is accepted by the society. On contrary, Christina Hoff Sommers proposes that there are some forgiving qualities that are not relative to place, time, situation or circumstance. Ruth and Sommers have different propositions on ethics. Descriptive ethical relativism states that ethical beliefs and judgments are the expressions of the moral attitudes and outlook of individual persons (Lukes, 2008).            I faintly agree with Christina Sommers since peopl e have their declare personal set of moral values. For precedent, an individual may belief that it is morally wrong to have conjure up on the first date. another(prenominal) person might not have any issue with sex in any context. Some ane and only(a) else might not believe in sex onwards marriage, or maybe not at all. In order to judge these views as right or wrong, moral timeworns are very crucial. However, there is no general set of ethical codes which force out be used to judge the views. This example proves differences in ethical virtues amid people and hence signifies ethical relativism. There are flaws in ethical relativism because it does not mean that everyone accept to a notion simply because one group in the society find a habituated save to be acceptable. What is publicly acceptable is extensively variable. If moral standards do not go beyond social principles, no action would be adhesioned as right or wrong (Arrington, 1983).      &nbs p     I totally agree with Benedict that rules of the society serve as a standard. Ethical relativism considers how other cultures countenance other cultures. Ethical relativism brings societies together because it allows for great variance in regard of what is seen as good or bad. Ethical relativism elaborates how one action rotter be regarded as crystallize in one culture, still wrong in the other (Ethical Relativism, 2014). All rudiments of the culture are put into consideration when determining whether an action is wrong or right. Ethical relativism confuses the reforms to be carried out considering what is world done currently. People are strained to tolerate some actions that might be unbearable if there are no socially accepted habits. I disagree with Sommers since human behaviors depend on the time, place, situation or circumstance. Morality, ethical standards and the position of wrong or right are based on culture and hence cogitation to individual pr eferences. Social institutions are very vital since they are lavishly endowed with customs, norms and manner of thinking. Appropriate management of the school-community culture will command that it will warp the young children in the society based on the attitudes and dispositions they acquire at school. Though moral relativism have been widely criticized for being pernicious, incoherent and sophomoric, but it is a plausible doctrine and it has signifi ratt influence on how people live, interact and organize the society (Lukes, 2008).            Morals move across place and time. Children learn values when they are growing, even before they can reason efficiently. Moral relativism is linked to emotional attitudes since values are acquired through emotional conditioning. People decide the position of an action by examining their feelings. Emotions are very necessary in making moral judgments. ethics and morality shape personality. The c apacity to determine whether a practice is correct or immoral develops from life and the environment that people are heart-to-heart to. Society and family are the first exposure where moral system is created. Benedict view social institutions as communities with common virtues and practices that have become civilize patterns of practices and ideas. Benedict arguments reveal how diverse cultures employ different moral principles in an endeavor to survive as a culture. Benedict is more correct in her analysis regarding the differences among cultures. There are some features of cultures that are not based on any universal moral standards. There is no general rule that moral cultures must abide to a given code to survive, and that the cultures that do not follow a code are not moral (Ethical Relativism, 2014).            Benedict states that morality differs in all societies and is a suitable term for socially accepted habits. Opponents of e thical relativism contend that, if ethical relativism is right, there can be no general locution for resolving ethical dispute or for realizing agreement on ethical issues among affiliates of different societies. Many ethicists oppose ethical relativism since they argue that although moral practices in the community differ, the values underlying those actions remain unchanged. Societies might deviate in their application of the elementary moral ideologies, but they agree on the principles. It can be argued that some ethical beliefs are culturally relative whereas others are not. Some practices such as customs concerning dressing mode may depend on local traditions, while other practices such as political repression or slavery might be determined by general ethical standards and judged incorrect regardless the various other differences that lam among cultures (Arrington, 1983).            The notion that some cultural practices are relat ive does not mean that all moral practices are relative. Ethical relativism may also be criticized on the basis of its effect to personal ethical values. It may be argued that if morals entirely depend on social norms, it follows that if a indisputable society believes in racial practices, its members must admit to racism as morally right. Members of a given community have different opinions regarding a given practice. Ethical relativism believes that culture is the standard to examine whether a practice is right or wrong. Ethical relativism might be criticized, but it helps people to ac knowledge that communities have different moral values and that these beliefs are subject to culture. Ethical relativism also encourage people to explore reasons as to why communities have differing beliefs, and also contend people to scrutinize their reasons for the beliefs and values they support. Benedicts argument about how morality is relative is sound. Benedict uses an example of Kwakiutl so ciety regarding murder. Kwakiutl practice of murder is intolerable in the modern society, but it was acceptable in Kwakiutl. Kwakiutl cannot be judged for their acts because they that was a social norm when one of their relatives died. Today such practice would be regarded as murder and is illegal and a crime that is absolutely penalized by the society and the law (Ethical Relativism, 2014).            Benedict concludes that moral relativism is the correct view of moral principles which imply that right or wrong is determined by culture and environmental events. For event people might accept capital penalization and oppose abortion. chief city punishment is regarded as wrong and hence punished with death. On contrary, oppose abortion is like denying women their freedom of their body. According to Benedict, regardless of the consequences behind an abortion, if the society opposes it implies that abortion is morally wrong hence it will maintain the justice worth of moral relativism. The notion that abortion is wrong is due to the fact that peoples behaviors are shaped by their history, culture and environment. indeed the right worth of their ethics relies on what is more rational to social structures. On the other hand if people believe that capital punishment is a way of attaining justice, they will consider it morally right. Morals are shared amongst people and the community, and it is seen as a normalcy condition of morals (Lukes, 2008).            In conclusion, I agree with Benedict argument of ethical relativism where she holds that people change their opinions and principles depending on the majority rule. I agree that morals set out with time, culture and environment. However, I do not agree that any practice is morally right or wrong depending on the majority. Benedict adds that the inclination of the normal is accurately a variant of the notion of good. Be haviors will depend on the cultural norms. Ethical relativism allows a wide variety of practices and cultures. It will enable people to adapt morally as technology, culture and knowledge change in society. This is an excellent and a type of relativism. Ethical relativism faces the challenge because people find it hard to adapt to new morals, new ideas and their own culture. The word is increasingly becoming culturally diverse thus making people find it hard to accept something different. Culture is a standard for assessing the position of a practice, whether it is right or wrong.ReferencesArrington, R. L. (1983). A Defense Of Ethical Relativism. Metaphilosophy, 14(3-4), 225-239.Ethical Relativism. (n.d.). CARM. Retrieved September 22, 2014, from http//carm.org/ethical-relativismLukes, S. (2008). Moral relativism. New York Picador.Source document

Conformity Paper Essay

Conformity affects whizzs style. There are two primary reasons wherefore individuals conform. First, mass conform due to informational kind influence. What this means is that people rely on others persuasion about an am titanicuous situation and use such judgment in choosing a particular course of action. The countenance reason is prescriptive social influence. This refers to conforming simply to be accepted.Conformity is a big issue in more or less peoples lives. In my case, in that respect has been numerous times wherein I relied on other peoples judgment to exploit a certain decision. The actually simple exemplar is determining what hair style would suit me best. I have consulted and asked for advice from my friends and family for this very simple matter. I could not decide for myself and I had to rely on their judgment. Another case wherein informational social influence was a factor for me was when I was deciding which course to take. To me, such decision seemed very confusing. There were besides many options. Thus, I necessityed to consult my parents. I asked them their opinion and finish up following what it was they advised me to do.Informational social influence is very bare in society particularly in advertising. Companies use advertisements wherein they promote their ware by showing surveys conducted that show their product as the preferred preference of the majority. This is meant to influence consumers to follow suit. Most people would think, If most people study this, then it must be the best choice. In other words, they resign their judgment to other people. This is a very good demonstration of how informational social influence affects the decision making and behavior of individuals.In the case of the second reason for conformity, normative social influence, I have had several experiences wherein it contend a factor in my behavior at the given time. This was specially true during my teenage years. When I was a teenager, I f elt the need to fit in. I wanted to be among the ordinary kids at school. In order to be among the popular crowd, I tried to do everything that the popular ones did.I dressed as I saw them dress, I talked and acted as they did. However, I noticed that the more I tried to be worry them, the more they seemed to be distant. More importantly, my real friends and my family began to question me as to why I was doing things that were unexpected of me. As I grew older and matured, I began to net that not only were my attempts in vain, they were ridiculous and unnecessary. Nowadays, every time I look back on those days, I cannot help but to laugh. meet in is a big problem for most teenagers. That is why most teenagers get into various kinds of trouble. Some teenage girls get pregnant at a very early age simple because they thought that losing their virginity would make them more welcomed in the popular crowd. On the other hand, boys end up joining gangs as they search for a sense of belon gingness. Drugs and alcohol as well are common problems that teenagers face because of their wanting to fit in and be accepted by their peers. Basically, this is where the concept of peer public press comes in.Peer pressure is simply the result of normative social influence. Teenagers feel the pressure from their friends to do certain things. They feel that if they do not do as what their peers do, they ordain end up being scorned and laughed at. For a teenager, humiliation is a big drawback. This is the reason why teenagers end up changing their behavior simply to be accepted by others.

Immigration Issues

Over the age the United States has been c alled a nation of immigrants. The fact that America is a melt down pot for so many another(prenominal) different cultures, races, and religions makes it unique in the world. The newcomers, both legal and illegal, fill jade shortages and provide new business opportunities. muniment records they also chip in ideas, vigor, and ambition. However, rising immigrant poesy and messy in-migration policies establish snuff it a serious worry to gain control of.Although immigrants make contributed to America, the political relation should reform current in-migration policies and limit immigrants flow right away be causation of the stintings and the turgid population business. Kofi Annan in her lecture on world-wide Flows of Humanity states that we must approach the issues of immigration with the strong ethical compass. Jagdish Bhagwati asserts that dapple changing immigration policies we should seek benefits for all. I disagree with bot h of them.American government should first of all seek benefits for native citizens and local economy and at that place is no place for ethical compass in effective immigration policies that leave alone benefit the economy and citizens. The new immigrants have caused economic problems in America today. Each decade of new immigrants has done worse than the break down economically. According to a study released by the center of attention for immigration Studies in Washington, The didactics levels of newly arriving immigrants have not kept pace with those of native Americans.As careers that require advanced education continue to drive the job market, it is no surprise that many immigrants are finding it increasingly difficult to bond the economic mainstream (Camarota). The results of the lower education ripple effect do not bode well for recent immigrants. Those who arrived in the 1980s have remained at an economic disadvantage, and are still less likely to own homes or become citizens than the immigrants of the previous three decades, says the study (Camarota).Several decades ago, many immigrants entered America as consummate workers and filled the labor shortages however, the majority of the immigrants today are unskilled workers, and the labor market is almost full because of the machine utilization and the network development. The problem is that current immigration policies give more consideration to those unskilled workers. For example, it is easier to determine a visa through a family member than through an American employer. In fact, there are only 140,000 employment-based mmigrant visas given out individually year, comparing to unlimited family-based visas (Visa Types for Immigrants). Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) data show that those new arrivals usually are from the developing countries, and most of them come to meet close family members. Most of those new immigrants usually have to face many troubles such as language problem s and cultural adjustments when they arrive in America. companion able-bodied security has to pay benefits to them because of their low income.Thus, the majority of them have low education there is no doubt that they will become a humanity burden. If the government does not change the messy immigration policies, the economic problem will catch up with worse. So, I suggest that the American government should refine the number of employment-based immigrant visas. This will let more educated and determined throng into the country, who will boost the economy by providing innovations in fields of scientific discipline and technology.Then, the government should limit the number of family-based visas, so those skilled immigrant workers wouldnt be able to bring their unskilled relatives. Another economical problem that immigrants from developing countries bring is that they send large amounts of national wealth to their home countries. As Kofi Annan in her lecture on International Flo ws of Humanity states, migrant workers in demonstrable countries send at least $88 billion back to their countries of origin-more than those equivalent developing countries received in official development aid (Annan).If American government wont do anything about it, the numbers will grow express with each year. I suggest that to compensate the loss of national wealth, American government should stop sending financial aid to developing countries. untrammelled immigration will cause a large population problem. The large population in India has caused increasing unemployment, unsafe environments, and a lack of resources. side by side(p) their experience, America should be on the alert that continued rising immigrant numbers will lead to a large population one day.It is estimated that if immigration continues at a current levels, the nations population will increase from 301 gazillion today to 468 million in 2060 a 167 million (56 percent) increase (Camarota). Immigrants incont rovertible their descendents will account for 105 million (63 percent) of the increase (Camarota). Kofi Annan mentions in her condition The more we try to deal with migration simply by clamping down on it with tighter border controls, the more we find that human rights are sacrificed-on the journey, at the border, and deep down host countries. Such increase in the population will cause congestion, sprawl, traffic, pollution, loss of open spaces, and greenhouse gas emissions. So, tightening border controls will heart much less people than these problems. To do that America should centralize on what mannikin of nation it wants to be uneducated, dependent, and unmotivated or united, skilled, and progressive. Immigration policies that exist today People that come here as+ buy the farm in closed communities Kofi Anan addresses the issue of immigrants discrimination in U. S. a stool in her article.But in my opinion United States is the most anti-discriminative country of all already . In fact the government focuses so much on minorities that if you drop dead to white race and dont have any disabilities it is almost impossible to get a financial aid or any other kind of benefits.Annan, Kofi. Lecture on International Flows of Humanity Camarota, Steven A. The Slowing Progress of Immigrants. Center for Immigration Studies, March 2001, http//www. cis. org/articles/2001/back401. hypertext mark-up language Visa Types for Immigrants. U. S. Department of State, October 6, 2008. http//travel. state. gov/visa/immigrants/types. html

Psychology of Human behavior Essay

psychological recognition is an tantrum of science which basically study behavior and the benevolent mind. The definition is a triad of component in that it contains a scientific scope or aspect, the human behavior and the human mind. The scientific study approach each aspect of it study in a systematic approach and in an objective manner of observing the changes and the experiment as a whole. expression see the changes in what human do such as measuring or observing things bid blinking of an eye or tachycardia which only if means increase in heart rate.The mind is the un awargon and conscious mental aspect of humans. There has been a lot of psychological twine both in the past and present on the perception of human behavior, all of which lowlife be attributed to the great research and experiment conducted by divergent psychologist and scientist to understand human nature. In the aspect of eruditeness, on that point are different experiments conducted to understand what l earning entails. Some of the works range from the experiments of the Edwards downwind Thorndike in the year 1898. He was one the people that lay the presentation of the new behaviorism.He conducted an experiment on the animal learning modalities where he used cats. The cats were located in a cage and food was so placed issueside the cage. He timed the duration the cats took to learn the method of opening the cage to get to the food. He indeed repeated the experiments and subsequent found that the cats would repeat such behavior that already worked for the cats so it can escape to get the food. With the result of the experiment he then proposed the the law of effect. Among the great works on the behaviorism is the work of the Russian Ivan Pavlov.He is a physiologist and he had won a Nobel Prize in advance the experiment on the behaviorism. He conducted this experiment in 1906. The experiment which was afterwards termed or called the pavlovian or untainted condition has si nce remained one of the close to important principle of the learning and human behavior. He found out that a chamfer that has food repeatedly placed in its mouth will tend to salivate even if the food is placed in the dogs mouth. He then conditioned the placement of food in the dogs mouth with the ringing of the cost.He slowr discovers that if the bell is rang alone even without placing the food in the dogs mouth, the dog will eventually salivate. In this experiment, Pavlov proved that there is a image of learning where organisms tend to associate one stimulus with another. He called this the classical conditioning. Later researches had already confirmed that this learning modalities to be common in most people (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). Thorndike and Pavlov works serves as template for other developers of the theory of behaviorism.In the year 1913, a renowned psychologist at the Johns Hopkins University known as John Watson publish his research work on the animal behavior. Th is preparedness a clear vision for the psychological science of behavior. Publication entitled Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It. With his goals to completely redefine the concept of behaviorist psychology wrote a purely objective experimental branch of natural science (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). He encourages his other contemporaries to abandon all the speculative theories astir(predicate) unconsciousness.He emphasized on the importance of observing and the need to a fault to quantify behavior. The works of John Watson encourage more American psychologists to pad the concept of behaviorism and the use of animals for such experiments. Later there were different setting up of laboratories that with the sole purpose of studying, predicting and controlling human behavior. what the behaviorist focused on is to vary a stimulus in a specified period in time and then observe the animals reply to such varied response.The psychologist of that time sees no reason why supposal shoul d be sack up in regards to the site of the mental abilities. One of the Watson level off of view is of belief that recording of certain musculature in the oropharynx should be the order of the day and not just talking to oneself silently. In the late 1930s behaviorism was taking to another pedestal with the works of the B. F muleteer. He was regarded as the most forceful leader of behaviorism and he coined the word reinforcement, he made an apparatus named the skinner box and this he used to test the animals.He conducted the animal experiment on rats and pigeon and then identified some specific response and mode of learning. He argued that there is al elans a place of reinforcement in human learning process. The reinforcement can be from within the persons vicinity. He called this process of learning the operant conditioning. B. F. Skinner experiments and point of view made him one of the most famous behaviorists of the 20th century. Operant conditioning explains the way a mouse can learn to maneuver via a maze.What Skinner did was to get the mouse with a food when the mouse gets to the side of the initiative turn of the maze. So once this head start part of learning is ingrained, the reward giving to the mouse is then stopped until the mouse is able to make the second turn and after several times of moving finished the maze the mouse will get to the end of it and gets its rewards. The works of Skinner was later applied in behavior modification in places like the classrooms and hospitals. With his knowledge in human behavior and learning, he later invented the first teaching machine (Microsoft Encarta, 2008).

Who is liable?

This situation is full of inadvertence .So lets start from the very beginning.Bobby and Rachel were vie basketb tout ensemble on the initiate playground with a brand new backboard and rim built and installed by ACE Sports. So this new equipment was installed by ACE Sports and this is their tarnish that Bobby was injured. If an adventure is ca utilize by a defective product, the manuf beurer and seller of the product ar both liable even if the injured mortal doesnt know which hotshot was guardless in creating or allowing the defect, or ex flirtly how the defect happened.Also they were playing at the school playground, so the school authorities should stick to the hostage rules, and check school equipments. As we can see Rachel was also a good example of negligence, she wasnt aw ar of the first aid rules and this is the fault of the school. She even didnt have any idea to take Bobby to the school prototypic concern Box .As it known The Health and Safety (First Aid) Regul ations, 1981, place a general job on the University to make adequate First Aid provision for all employees should they be injured or perform ill at work.Each School and/or building is therefore needed to wina number of congruously stocked First Aid Boxes clutch to the assays of accidents or injuries that could arise from school activities and to place these boxes in the care of an appoint Person or qualified First Aideraccess to the operate of one or more qualified First Aiders as appropriate to the work of the School (Area) notices full-grown the names and locations of the qualified First Aiders, Appointed Persons and the locations of the First Aid Boxes.The increased risk of injuries in recent days has made us all the more sensitive of the need for defecate communication with youth and parents or legal guardians, for appropriate surveillance for all activities, and proper maintenance of our facilities to reduce the possibility of accidental injury. The term risk mana gement is often used to describe efforts to minimize possible injuries to those who are in care.A teachers commerce of care also relates to the select of mastery or training provided to the students. Regulation 298 requires teachers to be responsible for telling instruction, training and evaluation of the progress of pupils in the subjects assigned to the teacher.Ineffective instruction and training can cause serious harm to students, e redundantly to those act in activities that have the potential to place them at risk. When planning courses and activities for students, educators should depend what needs to be done to reduce risks of liability. Teachers must make either effort to address such crucial issues as the degree of supervision required, the instruction and training needed to permit the students to function properly, and the condition of the equipment to be used. So Rachel had no experience at all in this aria.The adjacent element of negligence When they arrived at City General hospital, Bobby was immediately seen by a nurse who gave a large towel to Bobby. admit Williams told Bobby to devote pressure on the cut while she tried to get a hold of his parents. As we can see even the nurse didnt provide right first aid. Instead of towel she should give special bandage Individually Wrapped Triangular Bandages (preferably aseptic) can be used as a pad to stop bleeding, as a sterile covering for large injuries such as burns, as a bandage, or to make a sling. So we can judge her for the negligence because a person can be considered negligent whenever he or she had a duty to act carefully and failed to do so. She failed not only provide first aid but also she made him to wait, instead of giving him certain treatment.Unfortunately this hospital shows us that a great part of its provide failed in their duty Dr. Andrews, a surgeon who was going to have a lunch and sent him to make an x-rate, then ten minutes later, Nurse Williams who told Bobby to go to the x-ray department, Johnny, the x-ray technologist who took some x-rays and sent Bobby back. So lets turn to the STATE (TORT) LIABILITY LAW.There are tierce types of civil wrongs under state law, each with unalike levels of proof and focusing upon different elements of the injury or damage. Evidence rules, precedent, and judicial discretion play a role in determining what type of tort law result be applied.NEGLIGENCE &8212 In this persona, intent or mental state do not matter. What matters is whether some inadvertent act or failure to act created an unreasonable risk to another member of society. (Examples speeding resulting in commerce accident not responding to 911 call) Most states have three levels of negligence (1) gauzy or upright (absence of foresight) (2) gross (reckless disregard) this is our case and (3) malefactor. To be prosecuted under tort law for negligence usually requires at least level 2 since to be prosecuted for mere negligence requires considering foresee ability which would support charging the person with an intentional tort or not.Examples of gross negligence or accumulations of mere negligence constitute deliberate indifference. This standard is usually satisfied by looking at whether or not the agency administration set-aside(p) in supervisory negligence. Virtually every decision a police administrator makes subjects them to possible liability. There are examples of supervisory negligence and our case relates to them misfortune to treat also a liability of officers and jail omnibus not providing first aid, ambulance service, or counselling (given the foresee ability of suicide) absent-minded entrustment Negligent assignment Failure to direct Failure to discipline Failure to investigate Failure to protect Negligent classification etc.Negligence, according to sr. Mary Angela Shaughnessy, S.C.N., J.D., is the most common of all lawsuits filed against educators. Negligence is an unintentional act or omission, which res ults in injury. Due to the fact that negligence is unintentional, a person charged with negligence is generally not going to face criminal charges but monetary charges (Shaughnessy, 1996, pp.8-9).So I also can state that we fuck with not only simple, everyday negligence but with lawful negligence. Legal negligence must include four elements. If any of these elements is missing, legal negligence cannot be found. The four elements of negligence areDuty colza of duty Proximate cause InjuryOur case has all this elements.The person charged with negligence must have had a responsibility or a duty in the situation. Injuries that occur at a place or eon where the person does not have responsibility does not constitute liability. Violation of duty means that the person charged with negligence was not meshed in the responsibility or duty. Accidents can happen even with proper supervision but there is no negligence if there is no violation of duty. And as we can see the violation of du ty had a great deal in this case.Now I can state that I have entirely evaluated the potential liability (tort or otherwise) of the various parties in this case.SOURCES1. Police Liability Concerning Human Rights2. Kappeler, V. (1993). Critical Issues in Police courteous Liability. Prospect Heights, IL Waveland Press.

Organization Knowledge Essay

Managing teaching in todays growing human race is a tedious confinement. With excessive amount of info coming into systems daily, it has wrick imperative for association organizers to follow certain guidelines if they argon to ensure chop-chop and easy retrievals later on. The purpose of this paper is to explore the different techniques using which companionship in a public library can be organized. For this purpose, I m assuming that I have been employed by a public library and have been designated the task of organizing their k directledge.Organization of knowledge in a public library is a more than ticklish task than organization of knowledge at any some other condition or college library. Fact is that there are a greater progeny of users in a public library with every sorts of personalities. (ALA/PLA) Students, t separatelyers, retirees, civilians, knowledge-seekers, tourists, etc are slightly of the different categories of users of a public library.Since all of t hese categories hold different perceptions as to the organization of knowledge and would expect a different kind of classification, it is of the essence(p) to use standardized organization techniques to address a maximum issuing of users in an appealing way. Classification of knowledge is a very doubtful job. There are no pre-defined rules or any set criteria that rein the classification of knowledge. It is to the discretion of the librarian or the manager operating in the situation to decide by them the way of organizing their knowledge.Given the task of organizing knowledge at the public library I would begin by classifying and screen out out the different word of honors tally to the subject material they deal with. For example, word of honor of accounts on art, literature, politics, religion, music and science can all be identified into recount groups and thus can easily be sorted. This would be the preliminary and by chance one of the most critical yards in the enti re process. Having efficaciously carried out a thorough classification during the first process would fee-tail simplification and reduced errors in the oncoming steps. Organization of friendship) The next step is to assign labels or bar tags to these bags in an intelligent manner.Books in a library need a unique acknowledgement number that comes in hand at the conviction of borrowing and return. These appointment numbers would be distributed on the basis of their kinfolk with no discretion within each category. Since new hands would be coming into the library every now and then, the designation numbers cannot follow a rule. This is because every time new book comes in, it would require other books labels to be re-assigned.This would not only be an unthinkable task, it would also negate the integrity of the data contained in the library. Therefore, it is far more important to ensure that these books are given intelligent tags identifying their category and a corresponding n umber so that the identification number is a obscure field made up of characters and numbers. After successful grouping or rather preliminary classification of the books in the library, I would no rivet on ordering the books within each subset using the alphabetical order. alphabetic order is a very tricky pattern to follow.There is no way a strict alphabetical order can be followed. Instead the name of the book and the authors name are both used for alphabetical ordering. For example, a book written by P. Gerrard titled On the Economics of War can be classify under the P category or the O category. However, it depends on the librarian as to what is considered more important for him. I, being employed in a public library, would list this book under the P section receivable to the fact that the title of the book starts with an insignificant word, in terms of a title.The word on has no significant literary value when expressing a book title. Thus, listing this book under the P cat egory would stag life easier when it comes for searching. Similarly, placing the book titled In the Eye of the Mist by Pete K. Moss under the I category would have no intelligence associated with it. effectual variety calls upon this book to be nonplusd under the P category owing to the first name of the author starting with this alphabet fashioning it easier to trace this book around the library.The discretion with which similar groupings will be done depends to a great extent upon the title of the book. Unless the title of the book opens with a relatively rare word or with a noun, the categorization will be done using the name of the author. Although, this may olfactory modality to b a relatively easy task to perform, it should be renowned that often there are several authors of a book or either their name does not start with a single initial. such(prenominal) cases are often perplexing and it creates the problem of a uniformed dodging to follow.Ensuring uniformity in the organization of knowledge means that there would be fewer chances of not finding a book in the place it was thought to be in. (Organization of Knowledge)It also makes life easy for regular users of a library. Since public libraries serve the general public, there re several reads sharpness to be using the library on a routine basis. much(prenominal) users get accustomed to the organization technique used within a library and after a considerable amount of time worn out(p) using the library, they themselves become equipped with the knowledge of finding a book easily.Often it has been seen that such people are there helping other naive users around the library when the librarian is not around or perhaps busy with another user. Moving on, since all of the books would by now be organized in their respective categories, it would be no long-dated confusing as to where a particular book should be placed. (What is Knowledge Organization? ) The next step would be to ensure that these boo ks are all fed into a centralized system along with their ledge numbers. Inputting the identification numbers would be a time-consuming task.Normally libraries have added information about books contained in a database. Inputting such information along with the identification number would mean several days hard work. Thus, the general tribute is to scan the identification numbers on the book along with their office tag. The location tag is like the identification number. It informs the reader as to which shelf this book will probably be placed on. Logically number the shelves and then placing the correct shelf tag on the book according to its position would eliminate a great deal of manual input.Scanned data will contain the label of the book and the location. Librarians in their free time can then update their database with additional information about these books. Thus, the closing step would be to correctly place these books in the shelves that have been label onto them. Inc orrect placement of these books will result in wasted body process during the organization of knowledge steps. Thus, it is imperative to ensure that these books are placed prickle in their respective shelves even after they are returned by an issuer.In conclusion, I would like to assert the fact that knowledge organization is a hefty, yet significant task when it comes to using a library. The books in a library are pretty much arranged in a very logical and orderly manner. It is this fact which makes a library operable and books accessible. Online entries of the locations of books into computers also assist librarians only because they know that the proper place of that book is the one pointed out by the computer. Librarians face a tough task ahead of them when they join public libraries and attempt to organize the knowledge there.

Cost-effective means

There be many advantages of doing both insurance and banking with the same lodge. First, it is a cost-effective means of managing assets and insurance concerns, enabling consumers to save time, energy, and money worn-out(a) on transactions. Second, integrated insurance and banking makes it easier for the consumer to communicate his or her needs in terms of insurance claims and appropriate payment adjustments with respect to emergency and crisis circumstances. Lastly, it enables an singular to build a deeper relationship with the bank and to better get to populate its services.On the downside, doing both insurance and banking with the same company increases the risks of losing insurance payments and separate assets when the company loses money from its investments or is affected by criminal activities. Although money and other deposits in a banking or insurance company are control by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, it only reimburses up to a predetermined amount whic h might be less than a consumers actual bank or insurance deposits.2. ) I am non as comfortable with doing my banking transactions online as with a clerk in a brick and mortar bank due to security and privacy concerns. The earnings remains an unsafe platform for conducting sensitive transactions as criminals are developing techniques to capture pertinent consumer and financial data almost as fast as online banking security experts are trying to develop more than sophisticated means of securing internet banking services.In the same manner, I would non be as comfortable working with an insurance agent for my banking needs as I would be with a banking clerk since I would worry or so an individual having too much information about my financial consideration and resources. 3) Among the services that a consumer gets from a brick and mortar bank that might not be as easily provided by an online bank are machine-controlled teller machines for convenient deposit and withdrawals, and pe rsonal, in-depth consultations about banking services that could be established just by walking into a bank or its branch.

My last farewell

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Coca-Cola Versus Pepsi-Cola Essay

SummaryIn the late 1800s, American pharmacists started mixing fruit sirups and carbonate soda water, ca apply a in the raw kind of beverages known as soda plights. The most famous brands that started in the business are Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, and Dr. Pepper scarcely the self-aggrandizing long-lasting contr everyplacesy is until today surrounded by Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola.In 1886, a pharmacist named Dr. John Pemberton make the formula of Coca-Cola and the drink was sold in at the counter of Jacobs Pharmacy as a refreshing drink. Pemberton was a part possessor of the pharmacy after he left, eventu each(prenominal)y, Asa Candler became the sole owner and had the rights to the drink. Candler sold the Coca-Cola syrup to pharmacies and started a big advert campaign which gave Candler a strong sales metier. In 1899 Candler granted the first bottling franchise, which eventually grew rapidly. Ernest Woodruff bought Coca-Cola in 1919 for 25$ million, Woodruff and his son worked on making carbon a snug product thats available bothwhere. Woodruff made a nifty ratiocination at the sentence of the beginning of World War II he stated that every man wearing a changeless should get a Coca-Cola bottle for only 5 cents whatever it be. This decision made coulomb have a strong grocery store- administer in Asiatic and European countries in the late 1950s, Coca-Cola advertised as Americans Preferred examine. Woodruff was influential in blasts strategic decisions until 1982.A pharmacist named Caleb Bradham invented the formula of Pepsi-Cola in 1893 in New Bern, South Carolina in 1893. Pepsi followed a similar path as Coke in the expansion, using franchisers to spread their beverage. The company faced bankruptcy many times due to the strong advantage that Coke had all over Pepsi-Cola and the weak competition between the two companies at that time. In the uttermost following WWII, Coke outsold Pepsi by a 10 to 1 ratio per unit in that period many aristocrat ical-drink unwraprs started entering the market with a big variety of flavors juvenile(prenominal) than cola flavor. Alfred Steele became Pepsis CEO in 1950, he believed that his company go away take over Coke one day, Steele was a former(prenominal) Coca-Cola merchandise executive, and he helped Pepsi a lot due to his wide know directge approximately the rival which is Coca-Cola. In an effort to raise the companys sales, Pepsi introduced new bottle sizes such as the 24-oz family bottle. 1955 Steele married an actress named Joan Crawford and started a big announce campaign Alfred Steels motto was beat coke which led to increasing Pepsi revenues to over 300% between age 1950 and 1959.Through the years many finespun drink companies joined the intentness, but the difference is that these companies focus on tastes other than colas, such as 7UP which is a mix of citric flavors and soda, 7UP was first introduced in 1929 the introduction of 7UP led to an increase in the topic market share.Coca-Cola continued to expand in the sixties making Coke available internationally and in the United States. Coca-Cola started diversifying when it bought Minute Maid succus Company Cola-Cola alike produced new products such as Sprite. Coca-Cola offered its soft drinks either in cans or glass bottles in 1961. Throughout the years in the 1960s and 1970s, Coca-Cola introduced different new products such as Sprite, Tab, Mr.Pibb, Fresca, and Mellow Yellow. Coca-Cola grueling on international markets to spread the drinks, this strategy of spreading Coca-Cola internationally had fledged the company and made the brand image much stronger than Pepsi.Donald Kendall, a former sales manager became Pepsi CEO in 1963, under Kendall Pepsi was renamed PepsiCo and started an unrelated diversification by opening restaurants such as Pizza Hut and producing snacks. Pepsi extensive its line of products in 1964 by introducing Diet Pepsi and Mountain Dew Mountain Dew has a similar ta ste to Sprite with was introduced by Coca-Cola. Pepsi tried to keep overlay with Coke in order to keep the competition even though Coca-Cola was more powerful than PepsiCo at that time. Pepsi became more ravening and competition empty-bellied in 1970 and 1971 when they employed experienced selling executives. In the 1950s and 1960s the price of Pepsi was 20% less than the price of Coke, but still wasnt able to reach Cokes strength with the strong advertizement campaigns thanks to the experienced executives that Pepsi recruited, Pepsi was able to gain a stronger market-share for the first time in 1975.In 1974, Pepsi was the third largest-selling soft drink after Coke and Dr. Pepper. Researchers from Pepsi have shown that in a blind test the majority of consumers like Pepsi over Coke. This successful experiment which was called The Pepsi Challenge increased Pepsis market share and made it the number-two brand. After the great success that this challenge brought to Pepsi, supero rdinate Bonomo, president of Pepsi USA in 1974, decided that the Pepsi challenge should be deployed I all market where Pepsi is weak. The spread of the Pepsi challenge led to an increase in Pepsi sales by 20% in the biggest cities of America. Pepsi launched the Challenge all over the nation in 1977, and after 3 years Pepsi brand was widely recognized in the U.S. and gave Pepsi an additional 1.3% market share lead over the rival Coca-Cola.Coca-Cola responded to the challenge by gift big discounts in definite markets where Coke has a agonistical advantage over Pepsi and by stating that Cokes bottlers are owned by Coca-Cola, but Pepsi bottlers are franchisees. wise(p) that Coke and Pepsi is a standardised product, Coca-Cola used price as a market weapon to target Pepsi consumers. Coke tried to regain specie lost that was a result of the huge discounts that the company kept on introducing, by selling franchisees the concentrate rather than the syrup they use in manufacturing the drinks. Roberto Goizueta became CEO of Coca-Cola in 1980, he introduced a 1200-word strategy statement, and the main figure of this statement is price discounting in order to regain Cokes position in the market.Coca-Cola began to influence the ownership and management of the of their franchised bottlers, despite universe committed to independent bottlers, they replaced bottlers in key markets that were not deemed sufficiently aggressive in selling their product. The CEO of Coca-Cola USA stated that the company had both(prenominal) role to play in the reasons the buyers purchase the product by religious offering in several instances to increase the numbers of their investments with the potential buyers.2) ContributionThe Coca-Cola Versus Pepsi-Cola bailiwick study was written to give the maximum amount of information to business-oriented individuals, it gave so much information about two of the most competitive companies throughout history the paper illustrated the history of th e two main soft drink companies and also talked about other companies that entered the diligence.The irony is Pepsi and Coca-Cola were invented by pharmacists who are supposed(p) to prescribe drugs to people and not give them beverages with high amounts of sugar and mushy tastes, the case explained how Pepsi and Coke changed peoples views of a beverage when the companies invented carbonated soda beverages. The paper explained in details the huge cola advertising warfare that started in the 1980s between the rival Coca-Cola and PepsiCo that caused a big revolution in the beverage industry and incentivized new companies to enter the industry and produce beverages with different flavors.The case explained the positioning of the two companies and showed the difference in the brand value of the companies. The case was great also in giving the comparative analysis between the two companies, giving the different products other than the main product that was first manufactured by the com panies. The case also showed us how the companies implemented different strategies to increase revenues and to increase market share and gain the most competitive advantage.Pepsi vs. Coca-Cola SWOT analysisStrength*Pepsi very(prenominal) Innovative, the broad portfolio of products, more flexible franchise network, aggressive marketing strategy.*Coca-Cola peerless of the most valuable brands in the world, largest market share in the soft drink industry, and great customer loyaltyWeakness*Pepsi Competition with Coke, higher(prenominal) prices than Coke, and lower net profit margin than Coca-Cola*Coca-Cola Competition with Pepsi, relies on soft drinks, and lacks diversificationOpportunities*Pepsi International expansion and growth in the bottled water industry*Coca-Cola Reduce costs and increased demand for bottled waterThreats*Pepsi Increased marketing campaigns by Coke and restrictions to sell in certain countries because Coke has avow on them*Coca-Cola Strong local brands in some countries and negative furtheranceMichael Porters 5 Forces on Pepsi and Coca-ColaKnowing that Pepsi and Coca-Cola have standardized products, I wont need to talk about every company alone.The intensity of Rivalry between Competitors Pepsi and Coke are diachronic competitors, in the 1980s the rivalry between them was very ferocious, and the cola war occurred at that period of time to show which companies products taste better.Bargaining authority of Suppliers Suppliers have no power over Pepsi or Coca-Cola, it is very casual and cheap to buy all the ingredients to manufacture soft drinks, in fact, the competition between Pepsi and Coca-Colas suppliers is really strong because of the great and presence of all the material. In my opinion, Pepsi and Coca-Cola have power over their suppliers this helps them in decreasing their costs a lot.Bargaining Power of Buyers The power of buyers in the case of Coca-Cola and Pepsi is high, because the fracture cost is low or even the same depe nding on the geographic segment both companies try their best to gain customer loyalty, but Coke does it better by playing on its customers emotions in its advertisements.The scourge of New Entrants This force is low, the soft drink industry is very competitive if a possible new product enters the market, and it would be really valuable and hard to position in the very strong industry.Threat of Substitutes This force is high, especially because of health trends that hit the community from time to time, bottled water and juice companies are working hard in order to gain a competitive advantage over Pepsi and Coke by showing consumers the bighearted effects and obesity that this soda beverage can cause to our health, this is causation a change Pepsi and Coca-Colas strategies and making them introduce diet beverages as mentioned in the case, or even causing the Pepsi and Coca-Cola to buy big companies that produce healthy beverages as an example, Pepsi bought Aquafina in order to have an advantage over the competitor.

Analyze the different techniques used in the openings of Sommersby and Of Mice and Men films

Creating a successful film often lies in creating a successful break. By using different television camera angles and brightness styles, as well as melody techniques the director can set the icon and alter the sense modality in any way he destinys. Here I am going to analyze the different techniques used in the openings of both(prenominal) films as they progress. Credits Somersby starts with an air of mystery to it. We are shown this perspective by the excitation styles and camera angles that used.The camera shots show nigh(a)-ups of firstly a domain who we off-key is dead then of a nonher man whos face is shrouded in a shadow of which enables hardly any of his face to be seen at all. This enables as to inquiry his identity an also question the relationship of him and the other man. The medication is also suitably mad but is of fairly poor standard, still the medical specialty does suggest the time period as the medication is reasonably patriotic. In the next scen e the music fades and we get a nonher mop up up of the mans face and piles.The hands are shown as they puddle splendor as it is clearly shown they are covered in blood which when joined with the previous scene allows the viewer to jump to a rough last to what has happened. The music is cut to show us that this is a seriousness of the scene. The close up scene soon fades we are taken to the assign, which are vie over scenes of this man traveling through and through different climates, the manakin in the climates shows us that he is traveling of long distances. This also asks us the question was is he going and why is he going.The camera still has not shown us a clear image of this mans face, which still fleets us an conception of mystery to the record and also shows us that the character is probably by choice bear witnessing to conceal his identity. The camera also pauses at the point when the man passes what looks like a group of soldiers. This emphasizes there is som e important club betwixt the character we have been shown and these soldiers which helps us as viewers to try and fill important gaps in the profile of this character. In direct production line Of Mice and Men is played out in a completely different style.The assign are immediately at the beginning and there are no scenes played underneath it only a blank background. Similar to Somersby however, is the music. Whilst Of Mice and Men music is of a higher standard it sets the scene for the movie. The music is very dismal and solemn which can immediately declaim us that this film is not going to be a happy film . As the credits continue further we get sound performances that immediately tell us roughly where this scene is set. The noise happens to be of a watch so immediately us as viewers are told a) the scene is on a lead and b) the characters in the film may be traveling.The camera pans in showing us light coming through gaps in the carriages, this clutchs the said(prenomi nal) dark atmosphere as shown in the opening of Somersby but through a different technique. To add to this gloomy picture the music fades so that only the sound effects can be heard. The director has done this to such an effect that it conformation of brings us into the movie and lets us feel the cold, dark, and harsh sounds that anyone would be hearing at that time. This brings drug user involvement into the film and is also relevant in the next hardly a(prenominal) seconds in experiencing the thoughts of the characters.As the credits start to fad the music starts up again and the camera pauses in front of an outline of a figure. The lighting here is used in the same effect as Somersby were it does not reveal the character but allows us instead to ask questions roughly the character instead, for instance why is he traveling on this train and why is he lurking in the shadows. And this effect is obviously used in the same context in Somersby when we see him with the body for the first time. The music then changes dramatically and immediately the credit scene ends and the movie moves on.This effect of the music changing dramatically also highlights the point that the movie is inveterate along a different path as apposed to the music in Somersby that tends to stay constant throughout the opening. It also gives the effect that this maybe a flash back due to the sudden changes in scene and location. inception In Somersby continues on to a new location. The location is obviously vastly different so we can say that the character may have traveled a great distance. The music is still shown as grim and adds tension and emotion to the scene.The scene focuses on the firstly a close-up of the hand universe wrapped in a handkerchief. The angle is displayed as a first person view so as to give us a better perspective of the characters feelings, and the obvious close-up of the wrapping of the handkerchief shows us there is some relevance in the scene. We are then sh own a third person shot of him taken the coat of he has been unnoticeable under, which shows us that firstly he feels ready to reveal himself and secondly that he had a uniform on showing a connection between him and the soldiers.We are then shown the first full picture of him. The music is flat suitably brighter to obviously help lighten the characters mood. We are then taken to his first meeting with another character. The music fades to suggest that this maybe sort of an important part of plot development. We are also shown the main character through the other characters eyes to show that at that point the tautness of that character would have been minimal. As the scene carries on the music changes to being much more confident which shows us that the tense atmosphere at the beginning of the scene has faded. Of Mice and Men once again changes to a different style. The music firstly has become more frantic and the scene first shows a women running. At this point she has no part in the story and the camera follows her so that we know that it must link to the plot somehow. We are then shown to characters running away from the camera. Immediately this tells that because the woman was running toward the camera they are running away from each other. This type of camera make for is not used at all in Somersby as it tries to capture a different mood.However as the chase scene ends the same first person view as shown in Somersby is implemented to give us a clearer impression of the characters thoughts feelings at this time. To conclude it is obvious that both films implement similar styles however to get the correct mood they want they have often altered techniques to suit that scene creating the same sort of mood but in different ways. This kind of variation adds variety to the film and makes it much more enjoyable to watch.

The Nurses Role in Patient Advocacy

Caring originates in the human bloods of sh ard human experience. The go down ons primary eccentrics of promoting health, preventing chasteningness, restoring health and alleviating misfortunate places the soak up in a aim to forever and a day remain an advocate for their diligent. A scenario has been created in which a terminally ill enduring has asked the doctor or so selection health veneration interference options. The doctor in this case dismisses them as quack pr exploitices.What role does the nurse play in this circumstance? When the unhurrieds wishes are in conflict with others, the nurse hold inks to help calve the conflict. Where conflict persists, the nurses allegiance remains to the identified diligent (Code of object lessonity for nurses with interpretive rehearsals, 2001). Moral courage is something that helps the nurse to address respect able issues and take work when doing the right thing is not always easy.When a diligent and doctor relat ionship is strained the nurse sack sometimes help mediate a moorage while always remembering her effectual and ethical obligations. Physicians and nurses have different roles and duties in the hospital.Although nurses do not have the causation to make certain types of assist finales, they do have the responsibility to follow the train of command according to facility policy, until slaked that good decisions are being do for their patients. prevails spend more one on one time with their patients than doctors.The closeness of this relationship may make it easier for some patients to display their complaints to the nurse rather than the doctor (Ofri, 2013). Nurses responsibilities are to provide the scoop up assist to the patients and to insure that all of their rights and interests are met.Once healthcare interventions have been accommodate to meet the special submits of the patient, the nurses role is to articulate the patients request for care indoors the multidiscipli nary team, creating patient-centered patterns of health care (Hewitt, 2002).As a patient advocate, ordering a consultation with those who can help further in the decision making process is paramount. Patient protagonism is described as care for activities aimed at securing patients juristic and ethical rights and satisfying their existential take aways, both on the level of the patient-nurse relationship and in the healthcare team or organization (Vaartio-Rajalin & group A Leino-Kilpi, 2011).The nurse should stand for the patients rights, dignity and health when others will not, indeed becoming the communicator amidst the medico and patient. This ascertains that the patient receives optimal treatment. The Patient Bill of Rights states A patient has the right to obtain breeding around the specific nature of proposed treatment or procedure, a disclosure of the risks involved, and discipline ab aside medical alternatives (Patients rights, 2013).Since the physician from our sc enario has refused to discuss alternative health care options with the patient, it is the duty of the nurse to become a patient advocate. After first discussing this side with the doctor, if the nurse is granted the doctors permission to provide tuition to the patient, at that place are some government agencies and resources deal National Center for complementary color and ersatz medical specialty (NCCAM), The National Cancer Institute, U. S. nutriment and Drug Administration (FDA) and CAM on PubMed.These organizations advocate patients and their families in learning about Complementary and Alternative Medicine therapies (Complementary and Alternative Medicine in cancer treatment, 2013). If the doctor refuses to crack permission, it should lead the nurse to share his or her opinions with the medical staff involved in the patient care, following the appropriate chain of command.Based on a survey held by The New England Journal of Medicine around of the physicians reported that when a patient requests a legal medical intervention to which the physician objects for religious or moral grounds, it is ethically permissible for the physician to describe the reason for the objection but that the physician must also disclose information about the intervention and refer the patient to soul who will provide it (Curlin, Lawrence, Chin, & Lantos, 2007). In order to provide the take up care and safe environment to a patient, nurses need to band together and work as a team.Gloria Ohmart, EdD, MN, APRN, offers a few strategies to comfort patients rights and nursing profession. most of them are 1. Keep an accurate memorialize of issues that may be dangerous, illegal or unethical 2. Check with other coworkers to see if they feel the same way about the situation, compare notes and discuss what the problem is and range a united front 3. reproof to a charge nurse, head nurse, or supervisor to bring the problem to mortal elses attention 4. Go up the chain.If a superior does not act on the complaints, then nurses may need to go to the next level of garbage disposal and so on until they get to the hint 5. Pursue an advanced degree. Higher procreation empowers through knowledge and enables nurses to develop steady communication and conflict resolution skills, the superpower to negotiate and provides a deeper under rest of lord morality ( Finn, 2013). Nurses must examine the conflicts arising between their own personal and professional determine, the values and interests of others who are also responsible for patient care and health decisions, as hearty as those of patients.Nurses strive to resolve such(prenominal) conflicts in ways that ensure patient safety, guard the patients best interests and pressure the professional integrity of the nurses (Code of morality for nurses with interpretive statements, 2001).The Code of Ethics for Nurses was veritable as a guide for carrying out nursing responsibilities in a elbow room consis tent with quality in nursing care and the ethical obligations of the profession. When a white-hot topic arises in the industry, the American treat Association (ANA) will create an explanation, justification, or recommendation for a course of performance otherwise known as a position statement.The Code for Nurses published by the ANA is the standard by which ethical grapple is guided and evaluated by the profession. It provides a good example within which nurses can make ethical decisions and discharge their professional responsibilities to the public, to other members of the health team, and to the profession.According to number eight of the position statement nurses must attend to and be certified of the conflicts of dual loyalty to patients, health care institutions, employers and agencies that provide payment for services (Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements, 2001).Care and compassion are 2 traits that most nurses excel in. However these ii qualities al one cannot facilitate being a voice for a patient. Education and moral courage are also indispensable needs when standing for the rights of a patient. It is imperative mood that a nurse understand their legal and ethical obligations to society and be able to carry forward their role as a patient advocate.Nurses should always seek to become as skilled and hooked in their chosen field as possible by consistently nerve-wracking to advance their education and training, as head as entering into a fusion with physicians and health professionals.Policymaking and workforce planning should be done effectively to collect entropy and provide for a better information infrastructure. Educating ourselves as nurses will be substantial to teaching our patients and allowing us to be a strong patient advocate, while standing united and taking comfort in knowing we are not alone.