British Monarchy and comparison with Turkey

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional and transmittable monarchy. In pr moice, it is a democracy operating by a parlia custodyt system (a system in which supreme ascendancy is held by the legislature) under(a) a figure matterman monarch butterfly who reigns but does non rule. The British parliament system, with a head of land who is non the head of administration, has been a model for many other countries. Wales and England (excluding Greater London) are shared out into counties and metropolitan counties, which are heavily populated areas. All counties are subdivided into partitions.Each county and district has an choose council (Coleman, 2006). A government reorganization, effective in 1974, greatly lessen the number of local administrative units and redrew county boundaries. Thesis Statement This study scrutinizes the differences and similarities amidst British monarchy and the government system of flop thus, it also figures o ut the differences between constitutional monarchy and ground and gives idea of what inviolable monarchy and a constitutional monarchy are. II. give-and-take A. Differences and Similarities o British Monarchy Constitution.The British constitution is non to be build in any single written document. It is a form of rules consisting partly of written material and partly of established principles and practices known as conventions. It includes diachronic documents such as Magna Charta, the Petition of Right 91628), and the Bill of Rights (1689). It includes certain underlying statute(predicate)s ( justices). And it includes rules established by common law (Winter, 2003). Rules of the constitution can be changed moreover by an act of parliament or through psychiatric hospital of a new convention by us jump on and general acceptance.Composition of Government. Parliament, although supreme, governs in the name of the Crown (monarch). There are three organs of governmentlegislatu re, executive, and judiciary. ? The legislature consists of the twain house of Parliament and the fagot (whose formal harmonize must(prenominal) be given before a bill becomes a law). ? The executive consists of the console table and other ministers (officials) of the Crown administrative departments staffed by cultivated Service employees and usually headed by ministers local authorities and boards created by statute to operate various industries and services.The Queen is formally the head of the executive body. The ministry, representing the political party in control of Parliament, is called Her Majestys government or the government (Crowl, 2002). ? The judiciary, of which the Queen is nominally the head, is independent of both the legislature and the executive. Crown. The hereditary pattern of the thr hotshot goes to the first intelligence and his heirs, or if there is no son the eldest daughter and her heirs, or if there are no children to the eldest brother and his h eirs. Elizabeth II succeeded her father, George VI, in 1952.The Queen acts in governmental matters nevertheless on the advice of her ministers, and by convention may not refuse to act on such advice. Not only her approval but her mesh is required in the conduct of government. She summons and melt downs Parliament, approve bills, and signs show papers. She approves the betrothal of all ministers of the Crown and gives her consent to the formation of a cabinet. In doing so, she close totimes has a choice in selecting a new ground minister. In consulting with her ministers she may exercise some influence over policy (Morgan, 2004).Because of the self-directeds central role in the function of government, British law provides for the appointment of a regent to act in the event that the sovereign is unable to perform the responsibilities of the Crown. As formal head of the British ground of Nations, the Queen is the symbol of Commonwealth unity. In addition to her roles in govern ment, she is head of the armed forces and temporal head of the Church of England. The Privy Council assist the Queen in issuing Orders in Council and royal proclamations. It is largely an honorary body that acts on decisions made by ministers or Parliament.It is composed of all cabinet members and more than 300 eminent persons s choose, for life, by the Queen upon the recommendation of the blossom minister. Parliament. The upper house of Parliament is the field of Lords, in which membership is hereditary or by appointment the lower is the preindication of green, an elective body. ? The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, consisting of royal princes (who take no active role), hereditary peers and peeresses, ghostlike lords (archbishops and senior bishops of the Church of England), and life by the Queen upon the recommendation of the prime minister).The life peers include Lords of Appeal, jurists who serve as justices when the House functions as a apostrophize of appeal (Crowl, 2002). All hereditary Scottish peers are entitle to lay in the house of lords, but Irish peers ate excluded unless they support peerages of Great Britain or the United Kingdom. Only about 150 members actually attend. The House of Lords has limited source. It can neither reject nor amend ordinance dealing with finances, but can delay other kinds of legislation for one year. The House of Lords thus serves as a check on hurried action by the Commons. Members of the House of Commons, called members of Parliament (M.P. s) are elected by universal adult suffrage. Parliament cannot sit indefinitely, but must be dissolved at least once every five years. global elections are called after(prenominal) it is dissolved (Coleman, 2006). The prime minister is accountable for find out when a general election is held and may call for one at any time within the five-year period. One member is elected from to each one of 635 constituencies (electoral districts determined by populati on). A member does not have to have intercourse in the constituency from which he is elected. A by-election is held within an individual constituency when a vanity occurs (Randle, 2001).The political party or coalition of parties holding the majority of seats in the House of Commons provides the prime minister, usually the acknowledged party leader. The prime minister chooses the other ministers of the Crown and designates certain ones to be members of the cabinet. A small number of ministers are taken from the House of Lords, the majority from the Commons. The largest minority party in the House of Commons leads the official Opposition. The House of Commons normally adopts the bills proposed by the government and affirms its program.However, if the government follows a course displeasing to the House of Commons, a vote of confidence is taken (Randle, 2001). If it is negative, the government must resign. Generally, Parliament is then dissolved and a general election is held. The console and the Ministry. Under the leadership of the prime minister, the cabinet and the ministry perform the executive functions in the British government. The cabinet is composed of the most important ministers, usually not more than 20. The ministry includes all heads of administrative departments.Some are known as secretaries of state, some as ministers, and some by special titles, such as the prime minister of the Exchequer. There are also ministers who are not department heads. early(a) members of the ministry are the Lord Chancellor and law officers (Morgan, 2004), deputy ministers known as ministers of state, and junior ministers known as parliamentary secretaries or undersecretaries of state. Judicial System. The House of Lords is the highest court of appeal for genteel cases and for certain criminal cases. The Supreme coquet of Judicature, composed of the High salute of Justice and the Court of Appeal, deals with important well-mannered cases.Minor cases are tried in county courts. Criminal cases may be appealed to the Court of Criminal Appeal, after being tried in assize courts or magistrates courts (Morgan, 2004). examination by jury is used for all but minor crimes. face of the judicial system is shared by the Lord Chancellor and the central office secretary, both members of the cabinet. Defense. The three branches of British armed forces are the army, the Royal airwave Force, and the Royal Navy (which includes the Royal marines). Civilian control is exercised by the secretaries of state of war and air and the first lord of the admiralty (Randle, 2001).All three are responsible to the minister of defense, a member of the cabinet. o Turkey The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed in 1923, with Kemal Atturk as its first president. Far-reaching political, social, and stinting reforms were put into effect. Ataturk abolished the sultanate and ulterior exiled all Ottoman heirs. He did away with old traditions associated with the empiremen cou ld no longer wear the fez (a hat), nor women the veil. Women were given political and civil rights equal to those of men. Church and state were separated (Spencer, 2003) , and the property of the mosques fieldized.Universal education and a new law code were introduced. When many of these changes were not accepted by the batch, Ataturk assumed unlimited dictatorial indicators. After his death in 1938, the premier, Ismet Inonu, was elected president. By the Montreux Cinvention of 1936, Turkey was given the right to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits. Treaties of alliance were sign with Great Britain and France in 1939. During World War II, Turkey remained neutral until 1944, when it skint relations with Germany (Weiker, 2001). The following year, it declared war on Germany and Japan. Government.Turkey has been a republic since 1923 as mentioned earlier. Under the constitution to the Third Republic (1982), executive motive is vested in the president, legislative power in the National forum, and judicial power in independent course. The president (head of state) is chosen by the national Assembly for a seven-year term. He is assisted by a state informative council, composed of former presidents and military tribal chiefs of staff. From among the national Assembly (Hale, 2001), the president appoints a prime minister (head of government0, who in turn selects the other ministers to form the Council of Ministers (cabinet).The national Assembly is composed of 450 deputies popularly elected for five-year terms. The president has the power to dissolve the national Assembly and rule under emergency powers. The judicial system consists of civil, administrative, military, and constitutional courts. The regular civil courts include courts of first instance (courts having sure jurisdiction), central criminal courts, and commercial courts. The highest tribunal is the court of cassation, which is a court of appeals (Weiker, 2001). Local Government. Turkey is divided into 67 administrative divisions it calls ils, each named for its chief city.An il is subdivided into ilces, and these in turn into bucaks. At the head of each il are a governor, representing the central government, and an elected council. Military Affairs. Turkey maintains a regular army, navy, and air force. In addition, there is the Jandarma, a rural natural law force. Military service is compulsory for all men after the age of 20 for a 20-month period. B. Difference of absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy and republic. Absolute monarchy pertains to the absolute power of the king or queen as the ruler of the country.The power has bestowed in him/her to do the things he/she wishes to do. On the other hand, constitutional monarchy is under the ruling of the king however its accompanied with the constitution. The king or queen cannot decide for himself/herself or make any moves which are not written under the constitution (Bogdanor, 1997). Every decision should be in line in the constitution of the said country. When we say republic, it pertains to a country in which both the head of the state and the members of the legislature are elected directly or indirectly by the people.Most of the nations of the world today, including the United States and the Soviet Union, are republics. The rest, in most instances, are monarchies, in which the head of the state (a king, queen, or prince) comes into office through inheritance. III. Conclusion In conclusion, many people are not happy under these kinds of monarchies because they dont nab the function of the royal families anymore. People are all feed up and see that monarchies are a way of showing selfishness to power because only the blood line of the king or queen can inherit the throne and not giving a chance to others.In 1980 in Turkey, after renewed violence between political factions, the armed forces seized control of the government, disbanded parliament, suspend the constitution, and established a ruling junta of military officers. Within two year, the junta achieved political stability and eased some of the coutnrys economic difficulties. Reference 1. Bogdanor, Vernon (1997). The Monarchy and the Constitution. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 2. Coleman, Francis (2006). Great Britain the Land and Its People (MacDonald). 3. Crowl, P. A. (2002). The Intelligent Travelers Guide to Historic Britain (St.Martins Press). 4. Hale, William (2001). The Political and Economic Development of new(a) Turkey (St. Martins Press). 5. Morgan, K. O. (2004). The oxford Illustrated History of Britain (Oxford University). 6. Randle, John. (2001). Understanding Britain a History of the British People and Their Culture (Basil Blackwell). 7. Spencer, William (2003). The Land and People of Turkey, revised edition (Harper & Row). 8. Weiker, W. F. (2001). The modernisation of Turkey from Ataturk to the present Day (Holmes & Meier). 9. Winter, Gordon (2003). The Country Life Picture earmark of Britain (Nort on